数字人文视角下语料库在清代黄河问题研究中的应用

Application of corpus in the study of the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of digital humanities

清代黄河研究是历史地理学中的一项重要研究内容,历史地理信息化的发展为清代黄河研究积累了丰富的数字化史料,也为相关史料的整理、分析和知识挖掘等带了新的挑战。语料库作为能够满足多语种、历时性、大规模数据处理和分析的重要工具,将其引入到清代黄河研究中能够助力研究的深入发展。从分词、词性标注等方面入手,阐述了语料库在清代黄河研究中的必要性,提出了一套可行的清代黄河标注语料库建设的技术规范,并以部分清代“河道钱粮册”语料为例进行实证研究,研究发现,从“河道钱粮册”标注语料中基于标注的时间、地点、机构、数词、量词等词性抽取出历年朝廷黄河河银的来源、去向、数量、时间的关联信息,来源包括地点和白银项目。这些指标数据可以支持实现快速的知识整理和深层次的知识发现,能够反映清代河工银制度在不同时期的财政体制变化及其对黄河河工的影响。

The study of the Yellow River during the Qing Dynasty is a significant area of research in historical geography.The advancement of informatization in historical geography has provided a wealth of digital historical materials for studying the Yellow River in this period,while also introducing new challenges in organizing,analyzing,and extracting knowledge from these materials.Introducing corpus analysis into the study of the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty can facilitate more in-depth research by enabling multilingual,diachronic,and large-scale data processing and analysis.This study begins with word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging to explain the necessity of using a corpus in researching the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty.It proposes a set of feasible technical specifications for constructing an annotated corpus of the Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty.An empirical study is conducted using a portion of the“Financial Records of River Canals”corpus from the Qing Dynasty.The study extracts data on the source,destination,quantity,and timing of the subsidies allocated by the government for the Yellow River over the years from the annotated corpus based on parts of speech such as annotated dates,locations,organizations,numerals,and quantifiers.The sources include locations and silver items.This indicator data supports rapid knowledge organization and in-depth knowledge discovery,reflecting changes in the fiscal system of the river construction subsidy system during different periods of the Qing Dynasty and its impact on the Yellow River construction works.