人民法庭在基层治理中的差异化角色定位

The Role of People's Tribunal in Grassroots Governance

如何找准人民法庭在基层治理中的角色定位,是长期困扰司法实践的难题。既有研究大多落入了“统一角色定位”的窠臼,要么认为人民法庭均受制于司法专业性和人案矛盾,不应兼顾基层治理工作;要么认为人民法庭都应延伸职能,在基层治理中发挥更多作用。实际上,无论是在应然层面还是在实然层面,不同的人民法庭在基层治理中的角色定位都存在差异:一方面,基层社会和法治需求的不断分化,导致不同地区的人民法庭需要达到的社会治理参与度存在显著差异;另一方面,在需要深度参与基层治理的人民法庭中,只有在部门社群中占据有利位置、关系、资源的人民法庭才能取得预期效果。因此,不同情境下的人民法庭应当根据社会需要和自身条件选择差异化的角色定位。这种差异化的角色定位使得人民法庭在落实诉源治理工作时,会根据所处的情境调整其参与基层治理的方式和程度。诉源治理的涵义在这一过程中得到了丰富和拓展。

How to position the role of the people's tribunals in grassroots governance is a complex problem that has long plagued judicial practice.Most of the existing studies have fallen into the trap of“uniform positioning”,either believing that the people's tribunals are faced with the judicial specialization and the contradiction between judges and the number of cases and,therefore,they should not take into account the work of grassroots governance,or believing that the people's tribunals should all extend their functions and play a more significant role in grassroots governance.In fact,both at the level of necessity and reality,the positioning of the people's courts in grassroots governance in China is characterized by differentiation and regionalization.On the one hand,the constant polarization of grassroots society and the demands of the parties involved have led to significant differences in the degree of participation in governance among tribunals in different regions.On the other hand,among the tribunals that need to be deeply involved in grassroots governance,only a tiny number of tribunals with favorable positions,connections,and resources in the community of departments have achieved the desired results.Therefore,the people's tribunals in different contexts should choose a differentiated positioning according to the needs of society and their conditions.This also makes it possible for various tribunals to adjust the manner and extent of their participation in grassroots governance according to their contexts and positioning when implementing the tasks related to the governance at the source of litigation.The meaning of the governance at the source of litigation has also been enriched and expanded in this process.