论民事行为能力的二元评价体系

On the Dual Evaluation System of Civil Capacity

在《民法典》配套制度颁行后,民事行为能力一元评价体系各同构关系瓦解殆尽,体系疗复的关键则在于意志评价的重建。作为自由意志的规范表达,真实意愿与意思表示具有同构性,二者共同的行为特征在意思互动中造就理性的演进范式。理性演进内蕴于传统意思能力各构成要素,并在概念变奏中呈现为民事行为能力的二元评价体系。言说能力指向意思表示的自主性和反思性,并有填补无行为能力制度评价漏洞及规避该制度相对化风险的体系续接功能。经由对理性内涵的重塑,法律行为之意思能力以行为人目的约束的自觉性、兑现语言有效性要求的理由、语言含义的可共量性、对规范有效性要求的承认为内容。语言交往的承认关系为法律行为提供了统一的能力评价基准,并赋予意思能力可识别性外观。

After the implementation of the regimes in relevance to the Civil Code in China,the homogeneous relationships within the unified assessment system of legal capacity have almost collapsed.This not only fails to dispel the old theoretical entanglements,but also adds numerous contradictory evaluations and loopholes,and affects the practical values of legal acts.The key to repairing the system lies in the reconstruction of the evaluation of will.As an expression of free will,the genuine intent and expression of intent share homologous characteristics.Their common behavioral characteristics foster the evolution of rationality in the interaction of intent,which is inherent in the various constitutive elements of traditional mental capacity and presents itself as a dual system of evaluative rationality in the variation of concepts.The verbal capacity points to the autonomy and reflexivity of expression of intent,and serves as a systematic continuity function to fill the loopholes in the evaluation of the incompetence system and avoid its relative risks.Reconstructed mental capacity of legal act encompasses self-awareness constrained by the purpose of the actor,reasons validating the fulfillment of linguistic effectiveness,the quantifiability of linguistic meaning,and recognition of the requirements for normative effectiveness.The acknowledgment relations in linguistic interactions provide a unified capacity assessment for legal act and endow the mental capacity with an identifiable appearance.