被敞视的法官:数字司法对审判权运行的影响

Judges Under Oversight:The Model of Trial Supervision and Management in Digital Justice

数字司法与审判监督管理制度存在耦合关系。数字司法重塑了法官的审判工作环境,尤其体现在“法官—审判监管者”的关系维度上。具体变化包括从事前和事后监管到全流程事中监管、从静态监管到动态监管、审判流程的节点化和可视化等方面的变化。监督管理者可以借助信息化手段,全程、动态地监督法官的审判活动,法官的行为可视且留痕。数字司法单向度地导致了司法被敞视,法官落入了一种全景敞视结构。审判场域中的权力关系呈现以下状态:审判权具有高度可见性,审判监督管理的策略趋于细微化,审判监督管理的权力具有弥散性,在科层式结构基础上叠加了短距式监管。审判权运行更加强调规范性,但容易导致裁判尺度的形式化统一,体现在诉讼流程的标准化、实体裁判标准的统一、法官考核中的标准化压力等方面。数字司法与审判管理现代化改革的核心关注应当回归法官的实质裁判职责。

There is a coupling relationship between digital justice and trial supervision and management system.Digital justice has reshaped the judicial working environment of judges,enabling supervisory managers to monitor trial activities throughout the process and dynamically with the help of digital means,and judges'behaviors can be visible and recorded.Specifically,it includes the changes from pre-and post-supervision to whole-process supervision,from static supervision to dynamic supervision,and in the nodalization and visualization of the trial process.Digital justice has led to a one-sided view of justice,and judges have fallen into a panoptic structure.The power relationship in the trial field presents the following states:the trial power is highly visible,the strategy of trial supervision and management tends to be subtle,the power of supervision and management is diffuse,and short-distance supervision is superimposed based on the bureaucratic structure.The operation of judicial power puts more emphasis on standardization,but it is easy to lead to the formal unity of the judgment scale,which is reflected in the standardization of the litigation processes,the unification of the substantive judgment standards,and the pressure of standardization in the judge assessment.The modern reform of digital justice and trial management should return to the substantive judicial responsibilities of judges.