WTO电子商务谈判与全球数字治理体系的完善

WTO e-commerce negotiations and the improvement of the global digital governance system

WTO电子商务谈判将为以规则为基础的全球数字治理体系的完善带来新的多边框架。各方在WTO框架下就数字贸易便利化、电子交易便利化、网络安全等议题所达成的实质性的、统一的诸边(多边)协议,将为全球数字贸易和电子商务的可持续发展带来新的规则框架和制度性保障。但各方在电子传输关税和数字税、跨境数据流动和数据本地化、源代码保护和源代码中的算法公开等方面的争议、分歧,以及大国间的规则之争、模式之争,不仅会影响WTO电子商务诸边谈判进程和协定的签署,还会影响WTO电子商务协定数字规则的广度和深度。作为世界第二数字经济大国、第一电子商务大国,中国应在继续推动WTO电子商务诸边谈判尽快达成高标准、平衡、包容的数字贸易、电子商务国际规则的同时,继续以更高标准的数字贸易协定、自由贸易协定为载体提高中国在全球和区域数字治理及规则制定中的制度性话语权,继续以制度型开放推进高水平对外开放。

WTO e-commerce negotiations will bring a new multilateral framework to the improvement of the rules-based global digital governance system.Substantive and unified plurilateral(multilateral)agreements reached by all parties under the WTO framework on digital trade facilitation,electronic transaction facilitation,network security and other issues,and it will bring a new rule framework and institutional guarantee to the sustainable development of global digital trade and e-commerce.However,the disputes and disagreements between various parties over electronic transmission tariffs and digital taxes,cross-border data flows and data localization,source code protection and algorithm disclosure in source code,as well as the battle for rules and models among major countries,will not only affect The WTO e-commerce plurilateral negotiation process and the signing of the agreement will also affect the breadth and depth of the digital rules of the WTO e-commerce agreement.As the world’s second largest country in the digital economy and the largest country in e-commerce,China should continue to promote the WTO e-commerce plurilateral negotiations to reach high-standard,balanced and inclusive international rules for digital trade and e-commerce as soon as possible,and continue to use higher-standard digital trade agreements and free trade agreements as carriers to enhance China’s institutional voice in regional and global digital governance and rule-making,and continue to promote high-level opening-up through institutional opening-up.