不同年龄段老年人格里菲斯常数的研究

Study on Griffiths constant for elderly people at different ages

为探究夏季室内热环境中不同年龄段老年人热敏感性的差异性,拓宽传统格里菲斯常数对不同年龄段老年人的适用性,选取保定市某养老院44名60岁及以上老年人为受试者进行了现场测试,获取了3 666组主观及客观指标数据。首先,将老年人划分为3个年龄段(60~74岁、75~88岁、≥89岁),根据不同年龄段老年人的热感觉投票和平均皮肤温度的相关性计算了老年人的热中性皮肤温度;其次,分析了不同年龄段老年人在不同环境温度下的热感觉投票分布特征,得出了不同年龄段老年人的热中性温度;最后,在传统格里菲斯常数(0.5℃^(-1))的基础上作了改进和补充,提出了分年龄段主观格里菲斯常数和客观格里菲斯常数。结果表明:3个年龄段老年人的热中性皮肤温度分别为35.4、35.7、36.2℃,皮肤温度舒适区间分别为34.8~35.9、34.9~36.4、35.1~37.4℃;3个年龄段老年人的热中性温度分别为27.8、27.9、28.5℃,温度舒适区间分别为24.5~31.1、24.1~31.8、24.3~32.7℃;3个年龄段老年人主观格里菲斯常数逐渐减小,分别为0.60、0.43、0.35℃^(-1),客观格里菲斯常数也逐渐减小,分别为0.54、0.38、0.14。本文可为老年人热舒适研究和环境差异控制提供理论依据。

To investigate the thermal sensitivity differences in elderly people at different ages in indoor thermal environments in summer,and broaden the applicability of the traditional Griffiths constant in elderly people at different ages,44 elderly people aged 60 and above in a pensioners' building in Baoding are selected as subjects for field tests,and 3 666 sets of subjective and objective index data are obtained.Firstly,these elderly people are divided into three age groups(60-74,75-88、≥89),and the thermal neutral skin temperature of elderly people is calculated according to the correlation between the thermal sensation vote and the mean skin temperature of elderly people from different age groups.Secondly,the distribution characteristics of the thermal sensation vote of elderly people from different age groups at different ambient temperatures are analysed,thus the thermal neutral temperature of elderly people from different age groups is obtained.Finally,based on the improvement and supplement of the traditional Griffiths constant(0.5 ℃~(-1)),the age-specific subjective Griffiths constant and objective Griffiths constant are proposed.The results show that the thermal neutral skin temperatures of elderly people from the three age groups are 35.4,35.7,and 36.2 ℃,and the skin temperature comfort intervals are 34.8-35.9,34.9-36.4,and 35.1-37.4 ℃,respectively.The thermal neutral temperatures of the three age groups are 27.8,27.9,and 28.5 ℃,and the temperature comfort intervals are 24.5-31.1,24.1-31.8,and 24.3-32.7 ℃,respectively.The subjective Griffiths constants of the three age groups gradually decrease,which are 0.60,0.43,and 0.35 ℃~(-1),respectively.The objective Griffiths constants also gradually decrease,which are 0.54,0.38,and 0.14,respectively.This paper can provide a theoretical basis for the thermal comfort study and environmental difference control for elderly people.