论孟子人学思想的三重维度

On the Threefold Dimensions of Mencius Thought on Hominology

人与自然分离是孟子人学思想的前提,人意识到自我在自然中的独特性,意味着人理性的觉醒。孟子认为人是宇宙的中心,自然是人对象化的存在,人应该善用自然,厘清自身欲望的限度,以保证人对自然的可持续利用。孟子人学思想的核心是仁义道德,他将人作类上的疏解,其终极价值在于完成群体意志,即维护群体的秩序,实现群体的最大化发展。以此为立场,从主体修养来看,人的终极价值在于实现宗法制度下的伦常道德;从王道政治来看,王权的合法性和仁政的具体内涵都指向群的意志与存在。孟子的人学思想奠定了儒家学派的基本立场,研究孟子人学思想的理论特点有助于勾勒儒家哲学的思考视域,把握儒家传统的精神旨归。

The separation of humans and nature is the premise of Mencius Thought on hominology.The realization of one’s uniqueness in nature signifies the awakening of human rationality.Mencius believed that humans are the center of the universe;nature is the objectified existence of humans;humans should make the best of nature and clarify the limits of human desire to ensure humans’sustainable utilization of nature.The core of Mencius’hominology is virtue and morality.He analyzed humans by their categories.Humans’ultimate value lies in the fulfillment of the collective will,namely,maintaining group order and realizing the maximum development of the group.Based on this,it can be seen from the subject’s attainment that human’s ultimate value lies in realizing the ethics and morality of the patriarchal system,while from the monarchical politics,both the legitimacy of royal power and the specific connotation of benevolent government point to the will and existence of the group.Mencius Thought on hominology laid the basic position of the Confucian school.Studying the theoretical characteristics of this thought helps outline the thought framework of Confucian philosophy and grasp the spiritual intention of the Confucian tradition.