中朝三千年诗歌交流论略

A Brief Survey of the Poetry Exchange Between China and Korea in the Past Three Thousand Years

自公元前1044年始至1926年中国与朝鲜的诗歌交流持续约三千年,参与的诗人数千位,创作了数万首诗歌。中朝的诗歌交流无论从时间上的持续还是空间上的跨越,都是世界历史上绝无仅有的文化文学现象。从纵向来看,可以分为西周至东汉末、魏晋南北朝至宋末、元代至清末、光绪乙巳至民国十五年四大阶段,第一个阶段以咏史诗为主,第二阶段以追和诗为主,第三阶段以使行诗为主,第四个阶段为朝鲜遗民金泽荣在中国的交流诗。从横向来看,诗歌交流包含着十类文献:唱酬、献赠、追和、咏史、题咏、事迹、诗人、诗集、评价、制度背景。从国际上看,相较于东亚的日本、越南、琉球,朝鲜的诗歌交流具有独特的优势与特征。

From 1044 BC to 1926,the poetry exchange between China and Korea spanned nearly three thousand years,involving thousands of poets and resulting in the creation of tens of thousands of poems.Such exchange marks a unique cultural and literary phenomenon in world history for its time and space.Chronologically speaking,these poems can be divided into four major stages:from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty;from the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of the Song Dynasty;from the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty;and from the 31st year of Emperor Guangxu’s Reign(1905)to the 15th year of the Republic of China(1926).The first stage focuses on historical poems,the second on retroactive poems,the third on envoy poems,and the fourth on the poems of Jin Zerong(1897—1910),a Korean remnant in China.In terms of categories,the poetry exchange includes ten types of literature:responding poems,dedication poems,retroactive poems,historical poems,inscriptions,narration,poets,poem collections,commentaries,and institutional backgrounds.Internationally,compared with other East Asian countries like Japan,Vietnam,and Ryukyu,the poetry exchange between China and Korea exhibits distinctive advantages and features.