应用带蒂颊脂垫治疗颞下颌关节强直的解剖学研究

Anatomic study of pedicled buccal fat pad for temporomandibular joint ankylosis

目的通过测量颊脂垫及穿经血管、神经及颞下颌关节的相关解剖结构径线,从解剖学角度探讨应用带蒂颊脂垫移位治疗颞下颌关节强直(TMJA)的可行性。方法成人头颈部标本40例,随机分为A、B组,每组20例。观察A组颊脂垫的形态,测量其大小及穿经血管、神经压扁径;观测B组颞下颌关节相关解剖结构数据。结果A组颊脂垫体积:左侧(10.10±1.10)mL,右侧(9.70±1.50)mL;颊脂垫纵轴线长度:左侧(28.18±1.35)mm,右侧(29.47±1.12)mm;颊脂垫横轴线长度:左侧(18.56±1.67)mm,右侧(18.97±1.73)mm;有面动脉、面静脉、上颌动脉分支、面神经颊支等穿行于颊脂垫。B组颞下颌关节盘矢状切面呈S型15例(75.0%),L型3例(15.0%),二者间的过渡型2例(10.0%);关节盘前后径:左侧(14.42±1.94)mm,右侧(15.34±1.37)mm;关节盘内外径:左侧(20.18±1.77)mm,右侧(19.57±1.32)mm;关节内、外侧分别有上颌动脉、颞浅动脉的分支分布。结论带蒂颊脂垫解剖位置恒定,血供丰富,具有很强的组织修复、抗感染能力和“缓冲垫”作用,可减少TMJA术后瘢痕的形成,降低术后复发率,有助于术后恢复正常的关节功能。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of translocation of pedicled buccal fat pad in the treatment of the temporomandibular joint ankylosis(TMJA)by measuring the diameter of buccal fat pad and related anatomical structures of the transverse blood vessels,nerves and temporomandibular joint.Methods A total of 40 adult head and neck specimens were randomly divided into group A and group B,with 20 cases in each group.The morphology of the buccal fat pad in group A was observed,and its size and compression diameter through blood vessels and nerves were measured.The anatomical structures of the temporomandibular joint in group B were observed and measured.Results The volume of buccal fat pad in group A was(10.10±1.10)mL on the left side and(9.70±1.50)mL on the right side.The longitudinal axis length of buccal fat pad was(28.18±1.35)mm on the left side and(29.47±1.12)mm on the right side;Transverse axis length of buccal fat pad was(18.56±1.67)mm on the left side and(18.97±1.73)mm on the right side;There are facial artery,facial vein,maxillary artery branch,facial nerve buccal branch and so on through the buccal fat pad.In group B,the sagittal section of the temporomandibular joint disc presented S-type in 15 cases(75.0%),L-type in 3 cases(15.0%),and transitional type in 2 cases(10.0%).Anterior and posterior diameter of the articular disc was(14.42±1.94)mm on the left side and(15.34±1.37)mm on the right side;inside and outside diameter of the articular disc was(20.18±1.77)mm on the left side and(19.57±1.32)mm on the right side.Branches of maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery were respectively distributed within and outside the joint.Conclusion The pedicled buccal fat pad has a constant anatomical position,abundant blood supply,strong tissue repair,anti-infection ability and"buffer pad"function,which can reduce the formation of scar after surgery for TMJA,reduce the postoperative recurrence rate,and contribute to the recovery of joint function after surgery.