EPC模式固定总价的风险责任分配实证研究

Empirical Study on Risk Allocation of Fixed Total Price in EPC

固定总价是与EPC工程总承包配套的合同价款结算方式。针对EPC固定总价的风险责任分配问题,实证研究可以提炼出四种主要样本:新增工程价款如何处理、未完工的工程价款是否扣减、结算依据是否为固定总价、实际施工时工程发生其他变化如何处理,以及相应的裁判规则。由于相关法律规定尚不完善,建设单位与施工单位也尚未摆脱传统施工总承包的观念,因此在固定总价的法律适用中存在工程实践现状与法律提倡的固定总价不相适应、发包人缺少主动补偿总承包人的法律通道、发包人招标文件不详细时缺少法律责任进行规制等问题。基于此,EPC风险责任分配上应当结合我国工程实践的现状,采用固定总价与固定单价相结合的计价方式,再将设计优化所产生的利益明确归属于总承包人,并明确招标文件编制不合格时发包人的法律责任,以形成我国独特的EPC风险责任分配模式。

Fixed total price is a contract price settlement method that is compatible with EPC engineering general contracting.Empirical research can extract four main samples for the allocation of risk responsibility in EPC fixed total price:how to handle the new project price,whether to deduct project price for unfinished projects,whether to settle based on fixed total price,how to deal with other changes in the actual construction of the project,and the corresponding judgment rules.Due to incomplete legal regulations,both the owner and the contractor have not broken away from the traditional concept of general contracting in construction.Therefore,in the legal application of fixed total price,there are engineering practice situations that are not suitable for fixed total price,the employer lacks legal channels to actively compensate the general contractor,and the employer does not have a clear legal responsibility when the bidding documents prepared by the employer are not detailed.Based on these,the allocation of EPC risks should be combined with the current situation of engineering practice in China.Adopting a pricing method that combines fixed total price and fixed unit price,and clearly attributing the benefits generated by design optimization to the contractor.At the same time,it should be clear that the risks arising from the preparation of the bidding documents belong to the employer,to form a unique EPC risk responsibility allocation model in China.