4Hsu K C, E temadi K and Pfender E. Study of the fiee-burning high- intensity argon arc[J]. J.Appl. Phys., 1983, 54(3) : 1 293-1 299.
5Tsai M C, Sindo Kou. Heat transfer and fluid flow in welding arcs produced by sharpened and flat electrodes[J]. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer,1990, 33(10), 2 089-2 098.
6Lowke J J, Kovitya P and Schmidt H P. Theory of free-burning arc columns including the influence of the cathode[J]. J. Phys., D: Appl. Phys.,1992, 25:1 600-1 606.
7Kin W-H, Fan H G and NA S-J. A mathematical model of gas tungsten arc welding considering the cathode and the free surface of the weld pool[J]. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B, 1997,28B: 679-686.
8Chen D M, Pfender E. Two-temperature modeling of the anode contraction region of high-intensity arcs[J]. IEEE Trancactions on Plasma Science, 1983, 16:1 643-1 650.
9Mckelliget J W, Szekely J. A mathematic model of the cathode region of a high-intensity carbon arc[J]. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1983, 16:1007-1022.
10Zhang Y M, Cao Z N and Kovaceic R. Numerical analysis of fully penetrated weld pools in gss tungsten arc welding[J]. Proc. lnstn. Mech. Engin.: Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1996,210, 187-195.
