基于净初级生产力的黑龙江生物多样性维护功能重要性评价

Evaluation on the importance of biodiversity maintenance function in the Heilongjiang Province based on net primary productivity

基于光学利用率模型,利用生物量、高程、气候等评价因子,估算了2000—2020年黑龙江省植被净初级生产力(NPP),研究了黑龙江省植被NPP的时空变化特征.以此为基础,对2000—2020年黑龙江省生物多样性维护功能重要性进行了评估与分级,并结合关键气候因子年际变化分析了黑龙江省生物多样性维护功能时空分布特征.结果表明:(1)黑龙江省植被生长态势呈向好趋势,NPP近20年增加了约20%,物种栖息环境质量改善.(2)黑龙江省生物多样性维护功能稳步提升,近5年提升幅度尤为明显.2000年以来生物多样性维护功能重要+极重要区增加约15%,其中近5年贡献了约5%.(3)黑龙江省生物多样性维护功能分布具有显著的空间异质性特征,在空间上呈现出由东向西、由南向北逐步增加的趋势,极重要、重要区占比为33.5%,主要分布在哈尔滨市、牡丹江市、伊春市及佳木斯市、鹤岗市西部,为生物多样性保护工作的重点区域.同时,不同生态系统类型的生物多样性保护能力存在差异,林地、耕地和草地是生物多样性维护功能的主要贡献地类.

Based on the optical utilization rate model,using biomass,elevation,climate and other evaluation factors,the net primary productivity(NPP)of vegetation in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020 was estimated,and the temporal and spatial change characteristics of NPP of vegetation in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.On this basis,the importance of biodiversity maintenance function in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020 was assessed and graded,and the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of biodiversity maintenance function in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed in combination with the interannual changes of key climate factors.The results showed that:(1)The growth trend of vegetation in Heilongjiang Province was positive,NPP increased by about 20%in the past 20 years,and the quality of species habitat environment was improved.(2)The biodiversity maintenance function of Heilongjiang Province has been steadily improved,especially in the past five years.Since 2000,the areas with important and extremely important biodiversity maintenance functions have increased by about 15%,including about 5%in recent five years.(3)The distribution of biodiversity maintenance functions in Heilongjiang Province has significant spatial heterogeneity characteristics,showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north and from east to west in space.The important and extremely important areas account for 33.5%,mainly distributed in Harbin,Mudanjiang,Yichun,Jiamusi and the west of Hegang.They should be regarded as the key areas of biodiversity conservation.At the same time,the biodiversity conservation capacity of different ecosystem types is different.Forest land,cultivated land and grassland are the main contributors to the biodiversity conservation function.To sum up,biodiversity maintenance function evaluation based on vegetation NPP with high spatial resolution can effectively identify regional biodiversity maintenance function distribution characteristics,accurately locate key biodiversity protection areas,and provide technical support for scientific management of regional ecological environment.