矿物高值化利用现状及其固体废物回收利用展望

Current status of high-value utilization of minerals and prospects for their recycling from solid wastes

根据组成成分,固体废物中密度大的矿物类固体废物的高值化利用具有可实际应用的经济性和普适性,是实现可持续发展的关键。本文从矿物类固体废弃物原料出发,以煤矸石、粉煤灰、炉渣、废锂离子电池和硫酸矿渣等固体废物为来源,结合其固体废物中含有的矿物成分以及矿物本质特点,重点介绍了其中的黏土矿类、硫化矿类、氧化矿类以及我国战略性矿产资源石墨和萤石等典型矿物的物理化学特性,同时分析总结这些矿物在生物医药、光催化和膜材料等新兴领域的应用,为固体废物处理和高值化利用提供新的研究思路。

According to the composition of solid waste,the high-value utilization of mineral-based solid waste with high density has the economy and universality that can be practically applied,and is the key to achieving sustainable development.This paper focused on solid wastes,such as gangue,fly ash,slag,waste lithium-ion batteries and sulfuric acid slag as examples.By exploring the mineral components contained in these solid wastes and the essential characteristics of minerals,it focused on the physicochemical properties of typical minerals,such as clay minerals,sulphide minerals,oxidized minerals,and China's strategic mineral resources(graphite and fluorite).The applications of these minerals in emerging fields,such as biomedicine,photocatalysis and membrane materials were also summarized,which provided new research ideas for solid waste treatment and high value utilization.