论教育惩戒实施的保障职责

On the Safeguarding Duties of the Implementation of Educational Discipline

为解决中小学教师不敢惩戒学生的问题,《中华人民共和国教师法(修订草案)(征求意见稿)》第四十五条拟创设教育惩戒保障职责,但该职责只有转化为具体的制度才能实现其目的。教育惩戒保障职责的主体主要是学校、教育行政部门和公安行政部门,职责内容主要体现为围绕教育惩戒规则体系、教育惩戒实施制度和教育惩戒争议解决制度的完善展开。学校、教育行政部门和公安部门不履行教育惩戒保障职责,应追究其责任。通过中小学校领导人员考核制度和中小学教育质量评价制度追究学校的责任;通过党政领导考核制度、行政问责制和政务处分追究教育行政部门、公安行政部门及其工作人员的责任。在教育惩戒实施过程中,宜提升教师和学校实施教育惩戒的能力,打造专业的教育惩戒工作队伍,并通过司法案例形成示范效应。

To dispel teachers′misgivings in punishing students at primary and secondary schools,Article 45 of the Teachers Law of the People′s Republic of China(the draft to solicit public opinions)proposes to establish duties for the implementation of educational discipline.However,these duties must be transformed into concrete institutions to achieve their objectives.The main responsible entities for ensuring educational discipline are schools,educational administrative departments and public security administrative departments.The duties involve improving the educational discipline rules system,the implementation system for educational discipline,and the dispute resolution system for educational discipline.Schools,educational administrative departments,and public security departments must be held accountable if they fail to fulfill their duties to ensure educational discipline.Accountability for schools can be pursued through the evaluation system of school leadership and the assessment system of educational quality in primary and secondary schools.Accountability for educational administrative departments,public security administrative departments,and their staff can be pursued through the assessment system for the Party and government leaders,administrative accountability,and administrative sanctions.In the practice of educational discipline,it is advisable to enhance the ability of teachers and schools to implement educational discipline,build a professional educational discipline team,and create demonstrative examples via judicial cases.