北方某部队官兵过敏性疾病流行病学调查及过敏原谱分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of allergenic spectrum of allergic diseases in soldiers of a northern army

目的分析北方某部队官兵过敏性疾病的过敏原谱,探讨其流行趋势及诱发因素,为诊治及预防过敏性疾病提供理论依据。方法从北部战区总医院的《东北地区患者过敏原检测数据库》中连续纳入自2020年11月至2021年1月北方某部队中既往诊断过敏性疾病(鼻炎、哮喘、过敏性皮肤病、结膜炎等)的454例官兵为研究对象。收集患者性别、年龄、既往史、家族史、过敏史、皮肤点刺试验(SPT)结果等信息,比较不同性别、不同疾病患者的过敏原分布情况。结果在454例患者中:SPT阴性212例(46.7%),1项过敏原阳性66例(14.5%),2项过敏原阳性52例(11.5%),3项及以上过敏原阳性124例(27.3%);患有单一过敏性疾病359例(79.1%),患两种及以上过敏性疾病95例(20.9%)。SPT中,尘螨类(屋尘螨30.0%、粉尘螨24.7%、热带螨24.2%)、白桦树花粉(22.0%)、蟑螂类(德国蟑螂20.3%、美国蟑螂18.5%)为主要的吸入性过敏原。男性SPT阳性率高于女性[66.5%(218/328)比19.0%(24/126)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻炎和皮肤过敏患者中,屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨为主要过敏原;哮喘和其他过敏性疾病患者中,白桦树花粉、德国蟑螂、屋尘螨为主要过敏原。皮肤过敏患者的SPT阳性率最高(57.0%)。结论北方某部队官兵过敏原以尘螨最为常见,其次为白桦树花粉、蟑螂等。患者常同时对多种过敏原过敏,且不同性别、不同疾病之间的过敏原有所差异。研究不同过敏性疾病患者的过敏原分布特征对过敏性疾病的预防及精准治疗具有重要意义,可提高官兵对作战环境、部队现状的认知和适应力,以及机体对各种环境变应原暴露中的免疫耐受力,增强部队战斗力。

Objective To analyze the allergen spectrum of allergic diseases in soldiers of a northern army,and to explore the prevalence trend and inducing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis,treatment and prevention of allergic diseases.Methods 454 cases of allergic diseases(rhinitis,asthma,allergic skin disease,conjunctivitis,etc.)diagnosed in a military unit in northern China were selected from the northeast region patient allergen testing database of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command.Gender,age,past history,family history,allergy history,skin prick test(SPT)results and other information were collected to compare the distribution of allergens in patients with different genders and diseases.Results Among the 454 patients,212(46.7%)were negative for SPT,66(14.5%)were positive for 1 allergen,52(11.5%)were positive for 2 allergens,and 124(27.3%)were positive for 3 or more allergens.There were 359 patients(79.1%)with single allergic disease and 95 patients(20.9%)with two or more allergic diseases.In SPT,dust mites(house dust mite 30.0%,dust mite 24.7%,tropical mite 24.2%),birch pollen(22.0%),cockroaches(German cockroach 20.3%,American cockroach 18.5%)were the main inhalation allergens.The positive rate of SPT in males was higher than that in females[66.5%(218/328)vs.19.0%(24/126)],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).House dust mites,dust mites and tropical mites were the main allergens in rhinitis and skin allergy patients.In patients with asthma and other allergic diseases,birch pollen,German cockroach,house dust mites were the main allergens.Patients with skin allergy had the highest positive rate of SPT(57.0%).Conclusion Dust mites are the most common allergens,followed by birch pollen and cockroach.Patients are often allergic to multiple allergens at the same time,and the allergens are different between different genders and different diseases.Studying the distribution characteristics of allergens in patients with different allergic diseases is of great significance for the prevention and accurate treatment of allergic diseases,which can improve the cognition and adaptability of officers and soldiers to the combat environment and the status quo of the troops,as well as the immune tolerance of the body to various environmental allergens exposure,and enhance the combat effectiveness of the troops.