中共三大前后陈独秀的革命思想演变——重读《资产阶级的革命与革命的资产阶级》《中国国民革命与社会各阶级》

The Evolution of Chen Duxiu's Revolutionary Thoughts before and after CCP's Third Congress:A Review of His The Bourgeois Revolution and the Revolutionary Bourgeoisie and The Chinese National Revolution and the Social Classes

《资产阶级的革命与革命的资产阶级》《中国国民革命与社会各阶级》是陈独秀写于中共三大前后的两篇重要理论著作,文章对中共三大召开前后中共的政策主张,尤其是与国民党合作的立场态度作了明确指引,这是陈独秀革命思想的最新发展。他的联合战线思想、国民革命领导权思想,以及中国社会各阶级在革命中的地位理论等都有时代的特征和发展的视野。然而,随着国共合作的分歧凸显和大革命的失败,中共与国民党的合作政策受到极大的质疑。以今观古,与陈独秀异见者对其思想实践进行了批评,视之为右倾机会主义的思想。然揆诸中共三大前后国共合作的发展和国民革命的走向,陈独秀之思考具备马克思主义中国化历程中的时代特色,有因事而化、因时而进的现实主义考量。其对资产阶级的认识和对农民革命性的认识,对于后来的革命领导者,如毛泽东等亦有不小的启发。对此,应该历史地、逻辑地看待和分析。

The Bourgeois Revolution and the Revolutionary Bourgeoisie and The Chinese National Revolution and the Social Classes are two important theoretical works written by Chen Duxiu before and after the Third Congress of the CCP. The two essays provided a clear guide to the CCP's policy propositions of that period, especially the stance and attitude in the cooperation with Kuomintang. They marked the latest development of Chen's revolutionary thought. His ideas of the united front, of the leadership of the national revolution, and of the status of all classes in Chinese society in the revolution all demonstrated the characteristics of his time and a vision of development.However, with the prominent rifts in the cooperation between Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the failure of the Great Revolution, the policy of cooperation between the CCP and Kuomintang was called into question. Chen's opponents criticized his ideological practice, regarding it as a right-leaning opportunist ideology.However, considering the development of the KMT-CCP cooperation before and after the CCP's Third Congress and the trend of the national revolution, Chen's thinking had undeniably the characteristics of Sinicized Marxism, and was as adaptive to the time as it was realistic. His understanding of the bourgeoisie and the revolutionary nature of the peasants also inspired later revolutionary leaders, including Mao Zedong.