7种常见易发生不良反应真菌的毒性分析及安全应用

Toxicity analysis and safe application of 7 common fungi prone to adverse reactions

目的综述见手青类、胶陀螺、黑木耳、鹅膏菌类、橘黄裸伞、毛头鬼伞、卷边桩菇7种常见易发生不良反应条件性真菌研究现状,对其毒性成分进行分析,提出相应的安全应用建议,为资源开发及可持续应用提供参考。方法通过查阅国内外文献及相关书籍,对7种常见易发生不良反应真菌的研究现状、功效作用、毒性成分、不良反应等进行总结。结果7种常见易发生不良反应真菌所含的毒性成分种类复杂,包括多肽、生物碱、氨基酸、低聚异戊二烯类等化合物,可能会引起神经毒性、光敏毒性、胃肠道刺激、双硫仑样反应、溶血性中毒等不良反应,需引起重视。同时,这些真菌富含多种生物活性成分,具有显著药理活性,部分毒性成分又具开发成抗炎、镇痛、抗抑郁等药的潜力,值得更深入研究及合理开发应用。结论易发生不良反应真菌亦是重要的药用真菌资源,极具开发价值,目前许多易发生不良反应真菌研究重点多偏重药理作用和毒理作用,其毒力因子及其中毒机制尚未明确,需进一步深入研究,为其开发应用提供参考。

Objective To review of research status on seven common conditional fungi that are prone to adverse reactions,analyze their toxic components,and propose corresponding safety utilization suggestions,so as to provide reference for their resource development and sustainable utilization.Methods By reviewing domestic and foreign literature and relevant books,the current research status,efficacy,toxic components,adverse reactions,and other aspects of seven common fungi that are prone to adverse reactions were summarized.Results Seven types of common fungi that are prone to adverse reactions,including Boletus、Bulgaria inguinans、Auricularia auricula、Amanita、Gymnopilus spectabilis、Coprinus comatus、Paxillus involutus contain complex types of toxic components,including peptides,alkaloids,amino acids,oligoisoprene compounds,etc,which may cause adverse reactions such as neurotoxicity,photosensitivity,gastrointestinal irritation,disulfiram-like reaction,hemolytic poisoning,etc.It is important to pay attention to them..At the same time,these fungi are rich in various bioactive components with significant pharmacological activity,and some toxic components have the potential to be developed into antiinflammatory,analgesic,antidepressant drugs,etc,which is worthy of further research and rational utilization.Conclusion Fungi that are prone to adverse reactions are also important resources for medicinal fungi,with great development value.Currently,many studies on fungi that are prone to adverse reactions focus on pharmacological and toxicological effects.Their virulence factors and toxic mechanisms are not yet clear,and further in-depth research is needed to provide theoretical basis for their development and utilization.