限能量膳食方案联合低强度连续运动在妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制中的应用

Application of Calorie Restrict Diet and Low-intensity Continuous Exercise in Blood Glucose Control of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的:探讨给予妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者限能量膳食(CRD)方案联合低强度连续运动在血糖控制中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年6月北京怀柔医院收治的GDM患者共计350例,以干预方法的不同分成研究组(175例)与对照组(175例),对照组给予常规干预,研究组给予CRD方案联合低强度连续运动干预,比较两组血糖水平、血脂水平、胰岛素使用情况、分娩方式、母婴结局及生活质量。结果:干预后两组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FPG)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组胰岛素使用率、剖宫产率均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组不良母婴结局发生率21.71%(38/175)较对照组的33.71%(59/175)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后两组糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(DSQL)评分均下降,研究组较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:给予GDM患者CRD方案联合低强度连续运动,能够调节血糖、血脂水平,改善胰岛素使用情况,降低剖宫产率、不良母婴结局发生率,提高患者生活质量。

Objective:To explore the application of calorie restrict diet(CRD)and low-intensity continuous exercise in blood glucose control in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Method:A total of 350 GDM patients from June 2022 to June 2023 who were admitted in Beijing Huairou Hospital were selected and divided into the study group(175 cases)and the control group(175 cases)by different intervention methods.The control group received routine intervention,the study group received CRD regimen and low-intensity continuous exercise intervention.Blood glucose levels,lipid levels,insulin use,delivery methods,maternal and infant outcomes,and quality of life in both groups were compared.Result:After intervention,the glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(2 h PG)and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels in both groups were decreased,and in comparision of the control group,those in the study group were lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,the total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in both groups were decreased,and in comparision of the control group,those in the study group were lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In comparision of the control group,the insulin use rate and cesarean section rate in the study group were lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the study group[21.71%(38/175)]was lower than that of the control group[33.71%(59/175)],the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,diabetes specific quality of life scale(DSQL)scores in both groups were decreased,and in comparision of the control group,that in the study group was lower,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of CRD regimen and low-intensity continuous exercise can regulate blood glucose and lipid levels,improve insulin use,reduce cesarean section rates,incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes,and improve the quality of life of GDM patients.