黑水城出土文献TK187“16-3右与16-5左”考释

Explain and analyze the document TK187 “16-3 right and 16-5 left” unearthed from Khara-Khoto

沈澍农先生等对编号TK187的俄藏黑水城文献缀接研究发现:16-3右与16-5左两部分文字存在缀接关系并认为其大约是1个药酒方。经分析,本文判断TK18716-3右与16-5左缀接后的内容应是两首方,前者①~⑨的内容为药酒方;后者为养生食疗方。通过对养生食疗方中所用药物等的详细考证,发现文献中杏仁、川椒、马芹子、茴香、白芷、川芎均属于药食同源之品,几种同用具有预防外感并调理中焦的养生作用,制作时采用在瓮中油浸并密封日晒发酵的方法,极为符合日常制作酱类或腌菜类调味用品的特点。按照两方所制的成品为一酒一酱,既有防病保健之效,又可日常食用。两方同处于TK187文献养生分组之中,都反映了西夏人对健康长寿的追求。

Mr.Shen Shunong and others conducted a study on the Khara-Khoto Document TK187 of Russian collection and found that there is a suffix relationship between the texts of the right part of 16-3 and the left part of 16-5,which is believed to be a medicinal wine recipe.However,after analysis,it is believed that the content of TK18716-3 right and 16-5 left after suffixation should be two medicinal recipes.The content of the former①-⑨is a medicinal wine recipe,while the latter is a health food therapy recipe.Through detailed research on the drugs used in the health food therapy recipe,it was found that bitter apricot seed,Sichuan pepper,Ma Qinzi,fennel,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,and Chuanxiong Rhizoma are all homologous products of medicine and food.These ingredients have the health effect of preventing external diseases and regulating the middle jiao.The production process involves immersing the ingredients in oil in a jar,and then sealing it for fermentation under the sun,which is very similar to the characteristics of making sauce or pickled seasoning in daily life.The finished products made by both parties are a type of liquor and a type of sauce,which not only have the effect of preventing disease and maintaining health,but can also be consumed on a daily basis.Both prescriptions are in the life cultivation and health preservation group of the TK187 document,reflecting the pursuit of health and longevity by the Xi Xia people.