慢性鼻窦炎中鼻黏膜上皮功能障碍的研究进展

Research progress of nasal mucosal epithelial dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis

慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)发病广泛,可在很大程度上影响患者的生活与工作。其发病机制复杂,近年来CRS的上皮功能成为世界范围内深入研究的焦点。对于CRS的病理生理学认识已经从窦腔的通气和引流障碍演变为鼻黏膜上皮的机械性屏障和免疫屏障的缺陷,其作用机制是上皮物理屏障损伤与通透性异常,利于外界物质向黏膜下层侵犯,从而促进抗原摄取,并激活上皮信号转导及固有免疫和获得性免疫反应。本文将围绕鼻黏膜上皮结构、功能,以及在CRS发病中存在上皮功能障碍的最新进展进行综述。

Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)is widespread and can greatly affect patients’lives and work.The pathogenesis of CRS is complex,and its epithelial function has become the focus of in-depth research worldwide in recent years.The understanding of the pathophysiology of CRS has evolved from the obstruction of ventilation and drainage in the sinus cavity to the defects of mechanical and immune barriers in the nasal mucosal epithelium.The mechanism of CRS is the injury of epithelial physical barrier and abnormal permeability,which facilitates the invasion of foreign substances into the submucosa,thereby promoting antigen uptake and activating epithelial signaling,and innate immune and adaptive immune responses.This article will review the latest progress in the structure and function of nasal mucosal epithelium,as well as its epithelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CRS.