单季晚稻施肥“一基一追”不同时期追肥效果探讨

Discussion on the Effect of Fertilization at Different Stages of"One Base One Topdressing"for Single Season Late Rice

在单季晚稻基肥施450 kg/hm^(2)(26-10-15)缓释肥条件下,研究机插、直播栽培“一基一追”不同时期追肥对穗粒结构及产量的影响。结果显示,采用“一基一追”施肥,机插栽培与直播栽培相比,有效穗减少、粒数和千粒质量增加,产量相近。机插栽培在水稻分蘖末期—拔节期(7月15日—20日)追肥,穗粒结构合理,产量最高;分蘖期(6月9日—7月9日)追肥有效穗增加,穗型偏小,产量最低;幼穗分化期追肥,有效穗降低,影响产量。直播栽培随着追肥时间的推迟,有效穗下降,穗型增大,产量提高。在颖花分化期(8月15日)追肥,穗型最大,产量最高;在分蘖末期(7月20日)追肥,有效穗最大,穗型偏小。

Under the condition of 450 kg/hm^(2)(26-10-15)slow release fertilizer,the effects of topdressing on grain structure and yield of late rice in different periods were studied.The results showed that compared with direct seeding,the effective spike decreased,the grain number and thousand grain mass increased,and the yield was similar.The maximum yield was achieved by topdressing at the end of tillering and jointing stage(July 15-20).At tillering stage(June 9 to July 9),the effective ear of topdressing increased,the ear type was smaller,and the yield was the lowest.Topdressing at the differentiation stage of young ear reduces the effective ear and affects the yield.With the delay of topdressing time,effective ear decreased,ear type increased and yield increased.Topdressing at the differentiation stage of spikelets(August 15)resulted in the largest spike type and highest yield.At the end of tillering(July 20),the effective ear was the largest and the ear type was small.