朱熹论曾子——兼论朱熹的子学建构

Zhu Xi on Zengzi:Revisiting the Construction of zixue by Zhu Xi

曾子历史地位的升格,朱熹于此贡献最大。他系统论证了曾子的道统地位,认为在“十六字心法”之外,独属于孔、曾之间的道统之传为“忠恕一贯”,并有着实质性影响。在他的视域中,曾子资质“鲁钝”“刚毅”,实则仁义礼智兼备,其孝亦“大矣”。朱熹对曾子的讨论,主要是为了完整地确立曾子的圣贤人格形象和道统地位。综合来看,朱熹理学中理应存在一个子学系统,但基本为学界忽略。其子学体系的建构源于经学、子学、史学与哲学的互动,根本主旨在于对儒学道统、治统与学统的维护。

Zhu Xi朱熹made the greatest contribution to the upgrading of the historical status of Zengzi曾子.He systematically argued for the status of Zengzi’s position in Confucian orthodox,believing that in addition to the“Sixteen-Character Heart Method”,the transmission of the orthodox between Confucius and Zengzi as“consistency of loyalty and forgiveness”had a substantial impact.In his field of vision,Zengzi’s qualities of being“reckless”and“resolute”actually encompass benevolence,righteousness,courtesy and wisdom,and his filial piety is also“great”.Zhu Xi’s discussion of Zengzi was mainly aimed at establishing his image as a sage and his position in the Confucian orthodox.Overall,a zixue子学in Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism is desirable but has been largely overlooked in academia.The construction of this zhuzi system stems from the interaction between Confucian classics,zixue,history and philosophy,with a fundamental purpose to maintain the Confucian tradition of orthodox system,governance system and academic system.