中-美创新体系:演变历程、影响因素及启示

“China-US innovation system”:Evolution,influencing factors and enlightenment

过去几十年,中美两国科技经贸合作共同塑造了“中-美创新体系”。中美创新体系正在经历从“互补型”转向“竞争型”,甚至在部分领域出现“斗争型”倾向。这种转型既有技术革命、数字化转型和地缘政治导致的不稳定“分离”,也有科技发展规律、世界经济结构、市场机制和全球挑战等催生的“双赢”与合作的稳定因素。从技术革命引发的经济周期看,中美创新体系内部围绕科技创新而产生的制度冲突、调整、适应仍将持续。保持中美创新体系的稳定和发展,有利于双方,也有利于全球经济复苏和创新发展。对此,双方应着眼长远,坚持开放、合作、包容等原则,从促进创新主体互动、创新资源开放等方面共同促进体系良性发展。

Over the past few decades,the scientific and technological cooperation and economic and trade cooperation between China and the US have together shaped the“China-US innovation system”.The“China-US innovation system”is undergoing a shift from“complementary”to“competitive”,even in some fields,there is a tendency towards a“struggle-oriented”approach.This transformation is driven by both technological revolution,digital transformation,and geopolitical instability leading to“separation”,as well as stable factors of“win-win”cooperation generated by the laws of technological development,global economic structure,market mechanisms,and global challenges.From the perspective of the economic cycle triggered by the technological revolution,the institutional conflicts,adjustments and adaptations of the“China-US innovation system”around scientific and technological competition and cooperation will continue.The stability and development of the China-US innovation system will benefit both countries and contribute to global economic recovery and innovation.Therefore,the two countries should take a long-term view,adhere to the principles of openness,cooperation and inclusiveness,and jointly promote the sound development of the system in terms of promoting interaction between innovation subjects and opening up innovation resources.