中国高新技术产品进口关税减让的经济效应

Economic effects of tariff concession on imports of Chinese high-tech products

降低高新技术产品进口关税是中国践行扩大开放承诺的有力措施,对于以高新技术产业发展推动高水平科技自立自强具有重要意义。运用可计算局部均衡模型,从产业层面考察了中国高新技术产品进口关税减让的经济影响。研究发现:中国高新技术产品进口关税税率下调对进口的促进效应大于出口,其效应随降税幅度的提高而递增,且现有关税税率越高,降税的贸易效应越大;中国高新技术产品的内销额和消费者价格将减少,但生产者价格和产量变化不大;中国高新技术产业的消费者剩余大幅提高,生产者剩余变化幅度有限,但政府进口关税收入下降明显,所以高新技术产品的社会净福利将减少,其中广播、电视和通讯设备类产品的净福利损失最大,办公、会计和计算机器类产品与航空航天产品的净福利损失较小。研究结果可为中国高新技术产品关税政策调整提供依据,也能为中国主动扩大进口政策制定提供参考。

Reducing import tariffs on high-tech products is both a powerful measure for China to fulfill its commitment to expand opening-up.It is of great significance for promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement through the development of high-tech industries.Using a computable partial equilibrium model,the economic impacts of China’s high-tech products import tariff reduction is examined at the industry level.It is found that:the promotion effect of China’s high-tech products import tariff rate reduction on imports is greater than exports,the effect increases incrementally with the increase in the magnitude of the tariff reduction,and the higher the existing tariff rate,the greater the trade effect of the tariff reduction;domestic sales and consumer prices of China’s high-tech products will decrease,but producer prices and production do not change much;China’s high-tech industry has a substantial increase in the consumer surplus,the magnitude of changes in producer surplus is limited,and government import tariff revenue declines significantly,so the social net welfare of high-tech products will be reduced,of which the net welfare loss of radio,television and communication equipment products is the largest,office,accounting and computer equipment products and aerospace products have a smaller net welfare loss.The results of the study can provide a basis for the adjustment of China’s tariff policy on high-tech products,and also provide reference for China’s proactive expansion of import policy formulation.