国家身份、全球南方与美国对华战略竞争?

State Identity,the Global South,and the U.S.Competitive Strategy towards China

全球南方在世界经济、金融、安全等事务中的影响力日趋上升,其被视为影响国际秩序变革的重要力量。出于深化大国竞争的考量,美国加大了在全球南方问题上的对华施压力度,中美围绕“国家身份”问题的博弈更为突出。通过质疑和削弱中国的“发展中国家”身份,不仅可以给中国的经济发展制造更大阻力,同时也可借此疏远中国与其他发展中国家之间的关系,推动中国与全球南方之间的剥离。从具体策略看,美国试图利用全球南方内部的矛盾实现分而治之,支持印度与中国争夺全球南方的领导权,借助“矿产安全伙伴关系”“大西洋合作伙伴关系”等机制制衡中国与相关发展中国家的关系,在能源转型、粮食安全、公共卫生、基础设施等领域强化对发展中国家的拉拢。这一态势对中美之间的长期博弈产生重要影响,也对中国的全球外交布局构成新的挑战。中国需认清全球南方自身面临的诸多难题以及“非西方但不反西方”的务实主义取向,努力实现与发展中国家合作的提质增效,不断增强对全球南方的影响力。

The influence of the global South in the world economy,finance,and security affairs is increasing,and it is recognized as an important force in the changing international order.For the purpose of deepening great power competition,the United States has stepped up its pressure on China over the issue of the global South.The power play over the state identity between China and the U.S.has become more prominent.By questioning and weakening China's status as a developing country,the United States cannot only impede China's economic development,but also alienate China from the global South.The United States seeks to capitalize on the contradictions within the global South to divide and rule,and it supports India in its struggle with China for leadership of the global South.The United States utilizes mechanisms such as the Mineral Security Partnership and the Partnership for Atlantic Cooperation to counterbalance China's relations with the relevant developing countries,and intensifies its efforts to draw developing countries into its fold in such areas as energy transition,food security,public health and infrastructure.This situation would shape the long-term game between China and the United States,and also pose new challenges to China's global diplomacy.China needs to recognize the difficulties faced by the global South itself and its pragmatic orientation of"non-Western but not anti-Western".It should improve the cooperation with developing countries and continuously increase its influence on the global South.