从“具体的抽象”到“抽象的具体”——重新理解马克思“政治经济学的方法”

From"Concrete Abstraction"to"Abstract Concrete":A New Interpretation of Marx's"Political and Economic Method"

马克思政治经济学的方法体现为从“具体的抽象”到“抽象的具体”的完整过程。但是作为思维产物的“思想具体”,本质上也是一种“抽象”,由此导致马克思的方法面临黑格尔的阴影。恩格斯试图以历史为方法确证思想具体的科学性,反而陷入逻辑循环的困境。马克思引出“实践”这个本体,终结了关于思维本质的争论和“独立的哲学”存在的合法性。这启示我们,在实践面前,方法大于原理,不管马克思留下了多少遗产,都不能代替我们自己的“活劳动”。

The methodology of Marx's political economy is embodied in the complete process from"concrete abstraction"to"abstract concrete".But the"concrete idea of thought"as a product of thinking is also essentially an"abstraction",which casts a Hegelian shadow on Marx's methodology.Engels tries to use history as a method to confirm the scientific nature of concrete ideas,but falls into the dilemma of logical loops.Marx introduces the ontology of"practice",putting an end to the debate over the nature of thinking and the legitimacy of"independent philosophy".This tells us that in the face of practice,methods are greater than principles.No matter how much legacy Marx has left to us,it cannot spare us of our own"labor".