公共领域与私人领域:多民族村落的文化共享与族群边界的超越——以迪庆藏族自治州哈达村为例

Public Sphere and Private Sphere:Cultural Sharing and Transcendence of Ethnic Boundaries in the Multi-ethnic Village of Hada

引入公共领域与私人领域概念对族群边界问题进行研究有助于族群理论的深化。拥有云南省民族团结进步示范单位等荣誉的哈达村是一个生活着纳西族、藏族、傈僳族等多民族的村落。在公共领域,集体生活空间赋予村民共享不同民族文化的诸多机会而使族群边界得以超越;在私人领域,各民族又以自己的生活细节表征着民族文化意义,从而使族群边界清晰并维持着村寨文化的多样性。哈达村文化的重要意义就是在“我-他”模式之外建立了超越族群边界进而实现多元文化共享的另一种模式。公共领域和私人领域的相对分明使人们在共享不同文化时并不会导致多元文化的消失,在保持各自文化特点的同时并无表达各自文化优越的诉求。在社会交往中,增进共同性,尊重和包容差异性,就能够使文化差异在共享中成为族际关系和谐的黏合剂。

The introduction of the concepts of public and private spheres to the study of ethnic boundary is conducive to the deepening of ethnic theory.Holding the honor of Yunnan Province's Demonstration Unit for Ethnic Unity and Progress,Hada village is home to Naxi,Tibetan,Lisu and other ethnic groups.In the public sphere,collective living spaces give villagers many opportunities to share different ethnic cultures and transcend ethnic boundaries.In the private sphere,each ethnic group characterizes its unique cultural identity with the details of its own lifestyle,so that the ethnic boundaries are distinct and the diversity of the village culture is maintained.The significance of the diversified culture of Hada village is to establish an alternative model that transcends ethnic boundaries and realizes multicultural sharing.The relative separation of the public and private spheres allows people to share other cultures without losing their own,and multiculturalism is no passport to cultural superiority.In social interaction,enhancing commonality while respecting and tolerating differences can make cultural diversity the glue of harmonious inter-ethnic relations.