广西高职“1+X”证书试点专业与产业适应性研究

Research on the Adaptability of“1+X”Certificate Pilot Specialty of Higher Vocational Education and Industries in Guangxi

职业院校专业设置与区域产业结构的适应性,直接关系到职业教育能否满足产业结构优化升级的需求。采用2019-2022年广西高职专业建设数据及“1+X”证书制度试点建设数据,量化分析“1+X”试点专业与产业结构适应性情况,结果显示:第一产业对应的人才培养结构偏离度均为正值且数值远高于0.2的适应水平,“1+X”证书制度试点专业人才培养规模远远小于广西第一产业的需求;第二产业对应的广西高职人才试点专业结构偏离度均为正值,试点专业人才培养规模小于广西第二产业的需求;第三产业试点专业结构偏离度均为负值,高职试点专业人才培养规模超过了第三产业对人才的需求。据此提出提升试单专业与产业适应性的策略:统筹高职专业布局,主动匹配产业结构调整;借助“1+X”证书制度试点,重构高职专业体系;充分调研市场需求,适时调整专业建设方向。

The adaptability of the specialty settings of vocational colleges to the regional industrial structure is directly related to whether vocational education can meet the needs of industrial structure optimization.Adopting the 2019-2022 Guangxi higher vocational specialty construction data and“1+X”certificate system pilot construction data,the essay quantitatively analyze the adaptability of“1+X”pilot majors and industrial structure,and the results show that:the corresponding talent cultivation structure of primary industry is positive and the degree of deviation is positive and the degree of deviation is positive.The results show that:the corresponding talent cultivation structure of the primary industry is positive and much higher than the adaptation level of 0.2,and the scale of talent cultivation of“1+X”certificate system pilot majors is much smaller than the demand of Guangxi's primary industry;the structural deviation of Guangxi's pilot higher vocational talents corresponding to the secondary industry are all positive,and the scale of pilot specialty talents training is smaller than the demand of Guangxi's secondary industry;tertiary industry pilot specialty structure deviation degree are negative,higher vocational pilot professional talent training scale exceeds the demand for talents in the tertiary industry.Based on the above analysis,we propose the strategies to improve the adaptability of pilot specialty and industries:coordinate the layout of higher vocational majors and actively match the industrial structure adjustment;reconstruct the higher vocational specialty system with the help of the pilot promotion of“1+X”certificate system;and fully investigate the market demand and adjust the direction of specialty construction in due time.