由多重资料所见“封建”看中国古代国家起源中的幽燕类型

The Types of Youyan in the Origins of the Ancient Chinese State from the Multiple Sources of"Feudalism"

上古幽燕地区是中华文明起源与国家形成“多元一体”格局的重要组成部分。从传世文献、古文字和田野考古等多重资料所见“封建”来看,这一地区早期国家形成动力由于上古时期“封建”成熟度的不同,分别经历了虞夏以前前封建时期“神守”型古国、夏商早期封建时期“褒封”型古国和周代成熟封建时期“方伯”型为主导的古国。就早期国家演进路径而言,从早期分封到成熟封建,上古幽燕地区依次经历前封建时期原生型国家起源之路,至早期封建时期次生型与原生型兼具的国家形成之路,再到成熟封建时期以次生型为主导的国家演进之路。

The origin and formation of the early state in the early ancient Youyan region of China is an important part of the"multiple-integrated"pattern of the origin of Chinese civilization and the formation of the state.In terms of the dynamics of early state formation,due to the different maturity of"feudalism",the region of ancient Youyan experienced the state of theocracy in the pre-feudal period before Yu and Xia,the mixed system of"praising and sealing"and"aboriginal"in the early feudal period of Xia and Shang,and a state dominated by the Fang-bo type of state as an agent of the king's power in the mature feudal period of the Zhou Dynasty.