新质生产力的分配向度:按劳分配与共同富裕之契合性论析

The Distribution Orientation of New Qualitative Productive Forces:An Analysis of the Compatibility between Distribution According to Work and Common Prosperity

马克思按劳分配思想是内含对生产、分配、交换和消费环节规定的系统性思想,按劳分配是推动实现共同富裕的分配方式,但这一系统思想在现实中表现为生产端、分配端、交换端和消费端的“系统悖论”。按劳分配与共同富裕的理论兼容性与实践契合性应从描述性、规范性和系统性三重视野观照:现行两套分配体系边界的逐渐消融要求重新审视通往共富之路;按劳分配内蕴的革命性精神是当下推动共同富裕的根本精神;新质生产力发展下生产物化趋势与消费人化本性间的张力造成的“劳动”分配标准的弱化呼唤“新质”的分配标准。新质生产力的“颠覆性”影响要求对未来社会分配方式进行初步构建:在新质生产力的解放初期实行按“劳”分配+按“要素”分配;新质生产力深入发展阶段实行按“所有权”分配;在新质生产力的高度发达阶段实行按“需”分配。

Marx’s thought of distribution according to work is a systematic idea that contains provisions for the production,distribution,exchange,and consumption links.Distribution according to work is a distribution method that promotes the realization of common prosperity.However,in implementing this system of thought,China exhibits“systemic paradoxes”of production,distribution,exchange,and consumption.The theoretical compatibility and practical fit between distribution according to work and common prosperity should be viewed from the perspectives of descriptive,normative,and systematic perspectives:the gradual melting of the boundaries between the current two distribution systems requires a re examination of the path to common prosperity;The revolutionary spirit inherent in the distribution according to work is the fundamental spirit for promoting common prosperity at present;The weakening of"labor"distribution standards caused by the tension between the trend of production objectification and the humanized nature of consumption under the development of new quality productive forces calls for the distribution standards of“new quality”.The disruptive impact of new quality productive forces requires a preliminary construction of future social distribution methods:implementing distribution according to“work”+distribution according to“production factors”in the early stage of the liberation of new quality productive forces;In the stage of deepening the development of new quality productive forces,distribution based on“ownership”will be implemented;Implement distribution according to“demand”in the highly developed stage of new quality productive forces.