以自然为师:英国森林学校的缘起、理念与实践路径

Learning from Nature:The Origin,Philosophy and Practice of UK's Forest School

森林学校是英国备受欢迎的户外教育形式。英国森林学校源于其对传统户外与自然教育的经验继承,对结果导向基础教育模式的现实反思,以及对丹麦森林幼儿园的创造性引鉴。以全人教育理念为总领,英国森林学校强调以自然为师,重塑个体与自然的有机联系;重视以信任为基础,构建平等协作的主体关系;要求以学习者为中心,促进所有学生的协调发展;关注以同理心为要素,培养儿童的内在价值体系。为落实这些价值理念,英国森林学校制定了可持续的户外学习计划,并借助儿童主导的自由游戏、多主体参与的主题实践以及自然环境中的冒险活动等自然体验式学习,促进提高了学习者的自尊与自信,推动重塑了人与人、人与自然的良性关系。

Forest School is a popular form of outdoor education in the UK,which originates from inheritance of British traditional outdoor and nature education,realistic reflection of result-oriented basic education,and creative reference of Danish forest kindergarten.Guided by the ides of holistic education,it emphasizes reshaping the organic connection between humanbeing and nature by learning from nature,attaches importance to constructing equal and harmonious subject relationship based on trust,promotes the coordinated development of all students with learner-centred concept,and focuses on cultivating children’s intrinsic values system with empathy as element.In order to implement these values,UK's Forest School has developed a sustainable outdoor learning plan,and emphasized natural experiential learning such as children-led free play,multi-subject thematic practice,as well as adventure activities in natural environment.The impact of Forest School are in improvement of all learner’s selfesteem and confidence,and reconstruction of healthy relationship between people and nature.