森林保险研究进展及展望

Progress and Prospect of Research on Forest Insurance

基于国内外森林保险文献中鲜有林业生产特性和森林资源资产特点,结合各投保主体行为的异质性,对国内外森林保险的相关文献进行质性研究。结果表明:风险区划主要以省级行政单位作为研究对象,需要开展以县域为单位的风险区划并结合地区森林树种构成、森林龄级结构对森林灾害损失概率影响的研究;研究森林保险支付意愿主要采用条件价值法,研究的可靠性受到了研究方法局限性的影响;对天气衍生森林保险产品、天气指数森林保险领域,研究仍然处于空白状态。

⑴Background——In 2008,China implemented the reform of the collective forest rights system,and forest insurance became a supporting system for the reform of the collective forest rights system.By 2020,policy-based forest insurance has covered 30 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)and four major forest industry enterprises in China.At present,the academic circles mainly focuses on the basic nature of forest insurance,financial subsidies and their efficiency,the causes of market failure,the determination of forest insurance premium rate,the factors affecting farmers forest insurance behaviors and willingness to pay forest insurance,as well as the measurement methods and applications of forest insurance willingness to pay forest insurance.However,there is a lack of in-depth analysis on the characteristics of forestry production,the characteristics of forest resources assets and the behavioral heterogeneity of insurance entities.⑵Methods——This paper used the literature research method to collect the representative literature related to forest insurance from 1984 to 2023,and made a qualitative analysis of them.The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the causes of forest insurance market failure and the necessity of financial subsidies,and to explore the gap between the determination of forest insurance cost and the estimation of farmers willingness to pay,in order to enhance forest insurance services and provide theoretical support for the deepening of the reform of collective forest rights system.⑶Results——First,in terms of forest insurance market failure,the existing research believes that the main reasons are the information asymmetry of the insurance market,the weak insurability of forest management risk and the double externality of forest insurance.Second,in terms of the nature of forest insurance and the effect of financial subsidies,the existing research believes that forest insurance belongs to the category of agricultural insurance,and financial subsidies have an incentive effect on the willingness to participate in forest insurance.Third,in terms of forest risk zoning and insurance premiumrate,the existing research mainly takes provincial administrative regions as the unit of risk zoning.In the determination of insurance premiumrates,it mainly studies the comprehensive insurance and fire insurance,and does not distinguish the main forest tree species,forest age class structure in the region.Fourth,in terms of the willingness to pay forest insurance and its influencing factors.The existing research has not paid enough attention to the heterogeneity of forest management subjects,and has not studied the factors of different age and species of forest.In fact,farmers and forestry management companies have different payment intentions and policy preferences for forest insurance.Fifth,in terms of the value assessment and measurement methods of forest insurance.The existing research mainly use the contingent valuation method,which makes the reliability of the relevant research conclusions have certain limitations.In addition,there is a lack of research on weather-derived forest insurance products and weather-index forest insurance.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The existing research is insufficient to study the characteristics of forestry production and forest resource assets,and lack of in-depth research on the behavioral heterogeneity of different insurance entities.In addition to the need to zone forest risks at the provincial level,it is also necessary to zone forest risks at the county level and consider the impact of regional forest species composition and forest age structure on forest disaster losses.At the same time,in terms of farmers willingness to pay for forest insurance,we should pay attention to the limitations of research methods.Finally,forest insurance products based on meteorological disaster and meteorological index need to be further studied.