基于开沟施肥的撒肥圆盘设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Fertilizer Spreading Disc Based on Furrow Fertilization

针对传统果树开沟施肥机存在的肥料分布不均问题,设计了一种基于开沟施肥的撒肥圆盘。首先,建立撒肥圆盘的三维模型,对肥料颗粒在撒肥圆盘上的受力和运动进行分析,建立肥料颗粒的运动方程;通过离散元软件建立仿真模型,以撒肥圆盘的盘面倾角、母线极角、肥盘转速为试验因素,以肥料分布均匀性变异系数、施肥量偏差为实验指标,开展二次旋转正交组合试验。对撒肥圆盘的施肥效果进行仿真分析,结果表明:颗粒肥料在盘面倾角为0°、母线极角为120°、肥盘转速为72r/min时,肥料分布均匀性变异系数为14.42%,施肥质量偏差为4.50%,肥料分布均匀性较好,能够满足果树施肥的要求,可为撒肥圆盘在开沟施肥中的应用提供理论参考。

Aiming at the problem of uneven distribution of fertilizer in traditional fruit tree ditching fertilizer applicator,a fertilizer spreading disc based on ditching fertilization was designed.Firstly,the three-dimensional model of the fertilizer disc is established,and the force and motion of the fertilizer particles on the fertilizer disc are analyzed,and the motion equation of the fertilizer particles is established.The simulation model was established by discrete element software.The secondary rotation orthogonal combination test was carried out with the inclination angle of the disk,the polar angle of the busbar and the rotation speed of the fertilizer disk as the test factors,and the variation coefficient of fertilizer distribution uniformity and the deviation of fertilizer application amount as the experimental indexes.Through the simulation analysis of the fertilization effect of the fertilizer disc,it is concluded that when the inclination angle of the disc surface is 0°,the polar angle of the busbar is 120°,and the rotation speed of the fertilizer disc is 72r/min,the coefficient of variation of fertilizer distribution uniformity is 14.42%,and the deviation of fertilization quality is 4.50%.The uniformity of fertilizer distribution is good,which can meet the requirements of fruit tree fertilization,and provide theoretical reference for the application of fertilizer disc in furrow fertilization.