小型马铃薯收获机分离筛作业参数优化与试验

Optimization and Experiment of Operating Parameters of Separating Screen of Small Potato Harvester

针对小型马铃薯收获机分离筛作业参数匹配不合理导致马铃薯损伤率和破皮率较高的问题,通过对小型马铃薯收获机分离筛及马铃薯块茎进行运动学分析,确定了分离筛的关键作业参数。以马铃薯收获机分离筛线速度、分离筛倾角和振动频率为影响因素,以马铃薯伤薯率和块茎表面损伤指数作为小型马铃薯收获机作业质量评价指标,在试验台上进行了参数优化试验,建立了各指标与影响因素之间的回归数学模型,分析各因素对评价指标的交互影响规律,并对参数优化结果进行田间验证试验。研究结果表明:当分离筛面倾角为20°、分离筛线速度为1.6m/s、振动频率为8Hz时,马铃薯块茎伤薯率为1.4%,表面损伤指数为10.22,损伤综合指数和伤薯率较优化前分别降低6.93和1.8个百分点,满足马铃薯收获作业要求。研究结果可为低损小型马铃薯收获机的优化提供参考。

In view of the problem that the operation parameters of the separating screen of the small potato harvester are not matched reasonably,which leads to high potato damage rate and skin breaking rate,the key operation parameters of the separating screen were determined by kinematic analysis of the separating screen and potato tubers of the small potato harvester.With the linear speed,inclination angle and vibration frequency of the separating screen of the potato harvester as the influencing factors,and the potato damage rate and tuber surface damage index as the evaluation indexes of the operation quality of the small potato harvester,the parameter optimization test was carried out on the test bench,the regression mathematical model between the indexes and the influencing factors was established,and the interaction rule of the factors on the evaluation indexes was analyzed,The results of parameter optimization were verified in the field.The results showed that when the inclination angle of the separating screen was 20°,the linear velocity of the separating screen was 1.6 m/s,and the vibration frequency was 8 Hz,the potato tuber damage rate was 1.4%,the surface damage index was 10.22,and the comprehensive damage index and the potato damage rate were 6.93 and 1.8 percentage points lower than before,respectively.The results of the parameter optimization test met the requirements of potato harvesting.The research results can provide reference for the optimization of low loss mini potato harvester.