油茶果园施肥一体机挖穴过程仿真与试验

Simulation and Experiment of Digging Process of Integrated Fertilizer Application Machine in Camellia Oleifera Orchard

为开发出适合山地油茶果园挖穴施肥覆土的机具,且具有结构简洁、质量小、功耗小的特点,针对挖穴施肥的方式,采用离散元法建立了螺旋钻头挖穴过程的仿真模型;并结合三因素三水平正交试验和响应曲面分析方法,仿真分析了进给速度、钻头转速和钻头螺旋升角对挖穴作业功率消耗的影响规律。结果表明:试验因素对消耗功率的影响从小到大依次为钻头螺旋升角、进给速度、钻头速度,进给速度和钻头转速组合、钻头转速和钻头螺旋升角组合交互作用对消耗功率的影响显著。进行了参数优化,确定最优组合为:在进给速度0.03m/s条件下,钻头转速180r/min、钻头螺旋升角15°时最小功率消耗为1.134kW。田间试验表明:优化组效率效果明显优于对照组,优化后单个坑作业时间12.1s、百坑油耗1.08L。

In order to develop a machine suitable for digging and applying fertilizer and mulching in camellia oleifera orchards in mountainous areas with simple structure,light weight and low power consumption.The simulation model of auger cavity digging process was established by discrete element method and combined with three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment and response surface analysis method to simulate and analyze the influence law of feed speed,auger speed and auger spiral lift angle on the power consumption of cavity digging operation.The combination of feed speed and drill speed,and the combination of drill speed and auger lift angle had a significant effect on the power consumption.The optimal combination was determined as follows:the power consumption was 1.134kW at a feed rate of 0.03m/s,a bit speed of 180r/min and a bit spiral lift angle of 15°;the field test showed that the efficiency of the optimized group was significantly better than that of the control group,with a single pit operation time of 12.1s and a fuel consumption of 1.08 L per 100 pits after optimization.