纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中分散技术及表征方法的研究进展

Research Progress in Dispersion Technology and Characterization Methods of Carbon Nanomaterials in Cementitious Materials

纳米碳材料具有独特的结构和优异的性能,能够作为增强材料改善水泥基材料的性能,受到了广泛研究与关注,然而这均以纳米碳材料在水泥中能够良好分散为基础。纳米碳材料比表面积大,分子间作用力强,难以直接分散在水泥基体中,且分散效果也不易判断。本文系统梳理了常见的纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中团聚的机理,总结了近年来国内外学者采用的分散技术,详细分析了各种分散方法的机理与优缺点,同时列举了纳米碳材料在水泥基材料中分散效果的表征方法。在未来的研究中,可以重点开发更高效、更适合工业化生产的分散方法,研究纳米碳材料在水泥基体中真实分散状态的评价手段,助力纳米碳改性水泥基复合材料在实际工程项目中的规模化应用。

Carbon nanomaterials have received extensive research and attention because of unique structure and excellent performance to be used as reinforcing materials to improve the performance of cementitious materials.However,the enhancement effect is based on the good dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in the cement.The large specific surface area and strong intermolecular forces of carbon nanomaterials make them difficult to be dispersed in the cement matrix,and the dispersion effect is difficult to judge.This paper systematically sorts out the mechanism of common carbon nanomaterials agglomeration in cementitious materials,summarizes the dispersion techniques adopted by scholars in recent years,analyses the mechanism,advantages and disadvantages of various dispersion methods in detail,and lists the characterization methods for the dipersion effect of carbon nanomaterials in cementitious material.In the future,the research should focus on the development of more efficient and suitable dispersion methods for industrialized production,and the means of evaluating the real dispersion state of carbon nanomaterials in the cement matrix,which can facilitate the scale-up of nanocarbon-modified cementitious composites for application in real engineering projects.