太空诱变膜荚黄芪种质资源表型特征变异分析

Mutation analysis of phenotypic characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus germplasm resources induced by space mutagenesis

以膜荚黄芪太空搭载种子建立的33D、22H群体及未搭载原种(CK)群体的SP2代成药株为研究对象,对19个表型性状进行特征变异及多样性分析,以筛选具有优异性状的膜荚黄芪种质资源。结果表明:诱变后代群体的19个性状变异幅度、遗传多样性存在不同程度差异,33D、22H群体及CK群体地上部分的4个质量性状的变异系数CV范围分别为0.35~0.78、0.38~0.84、0.41~0.64,即变异幅度表现为22H>33D>CK,遗传多样性指数H′范围分别为1.67~2.13、1.66~2.02、1.44~2.21,即变化幅度为CK>33D>22H;7个数量性状的CV范围分别为0.17~0.62、0.17~0.67、0.20~0.83,H′范围分别为1.47~2.01、1.72~2.04、1.59~2.11,即变异幅度表现均为CK>22H>33D;8个产量构成性状的CV范围分别为0.09~0.53、0.15~0.55、0.09~0.97,即变化幅度为CK>22H>33D,H′范围分别为1.81~2.09、1.73~2.06、1.59~2.03,即变化幅度为33D>22H>CK。通过主成分因子分析将诱变后代群体植株的12个数量性状指标简化为4个主因子,33D和22H群体数量性状累计贡献率均大于CK,分别达68.669%和70.414%,并筛选出二级分枝数、单根干质量、有效根长、侧根数、根长、折干率可作为膜荚黄芪评价代表性指标;诱变后SP2代地上部性状隶属函数值小于CK,产量构成性状隶属函数值大于CK。通过隶属函数和聚类分析将诱变后SP2代的2个群体分别归为3类不同类型植株(即Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型),第Ⅰ类群为良好类、第Ⅱ类群为优势类、第Ⅲ类群为后备类,综合评价筛选出性状优异种质39份、产量构成性状优异种质16份、矮株型高产种质3份。

The 33D and 22H populations established by Astragalus membranaceus with seeds in space and the SP 2-generation adult strains without seeds in space were selected as the research objects.The characteristic variation and diversity of 19 phenotypic characters were analyzed to screen the germplasm resources of Astragalus membranaceus with excellent characters.The results showed that the variation amplitude and genetic diversity of 19 traits in mutagenic progeny population were different to various degrees.The variation coefficient CV of four quality traits in the 33D,22H and CK populations were 0.35 to 0.78,0.38 to 0.84,and 0.41 to 0.64,respectively,and the variation range was 22H>33D>CK.The range of genetic diversity index H′was 1.67 to 2.13,1.66 to 2.02,and 1.44 to 2.21,respectively,and the variation range was CK>33D>22H.CV of the seven quantitative traits ranged from 0.17~0.62,0.17~0.67 and 0.20~0.83,respectively.H′of genetic diversity index ranged from 1.47 to 2.01,1.72 to 2.04,and 1.59 to 2.11,respectively,indicating the range of variation was CK>22H>33D.The variation coefficients of the eight yield components ranged from 0.09 to 0.53,0.15 to 0.55,and 0.09 to 0.97,respectively,and the variation range was CK>22H>33D,the H′of genetic diversity index ranged from 1.81 to 2.09,1.73 to 2.06 and 1.59 to 2.03,respectively,and the range of variation was 33D>22H>CK.By principal component factor analysis,12 quantitative traits of mutant progeny plants were simplified into 4 principal factors.The cumulative contribution rate of quantitative traits in 33D and 22H populations was higher than those in CK,reaching 68.669%and 70.414%,respectively.The secondary branch number,single stem mass,effective root length,lateral root number,root length and drying rate were selected as the representative indexes for the evaluation of Astragalus membranaceus.After mutagenesis,membership function value of above-ground traits in SP 2-generation was less than CK,and membership function value of yield constituent traits was greater than CK.By membership function and cluster analysis,the two populations of SP 2-generation after mutagenesis were classified into three different types of plants-types I,II and III.Group I was the good type,Group II was the dominant type,and Group III was the reserve type.A comprehensive evaluation found 39 germplasm with excellent traits,16 germplasm with excellent yield composition traits,and 3 high-yielding germplasm with dwarf type.