不同秸秆覆盖方式调控地温对雷笋产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Straw Mulching Methods on Regulating Soil Temperature and Their Impacts on Bamboo Shoot Yield and Economic Benefits

[目的]研究不同秸秆覆盖方式对雷竹园地表增温效果及雷笋产量的影响。[方法]设置6组处理:不覆盖(CK),秸秆+砻糠(JL),秸秆+尿素腐熟剂+砻糠(JLNF),秸秆+有机肥腐熟剂+砻糠(JLOF),秸秆+尿素+砻糠(JLN),秸秆+有机肥+砻糠(JLO),持续监测地表温度、出笋量等指标。[结果]利用有机肥或尿素调节秸秆碳氮比同时配施腐熟剂的处理升温效果最好,1月JLOF和JLNF处理的最高温分别为24.25和21.70℃,各处理温度总体变化趋势表现为JLOF>JLNF>JLO>JLN>JL>CK。与温度变化趋势一致,JLOF处理的产量最高,达47355,其次为JLNF处理,为47190 kg/hm^(2)。经成本和产值核算,各处理经济效益趋势表现为JLNF>JLOF>JLN>JLO>JL。与JL处理相比,JLNF处理的经济效益增加了68940元/hm^(2),达627555元/hm^(2)。[结论]在秸秆-砻糠双覆盖模式的基础上,通过外源添加有机肥或尿素调节秸秆碳氮比同时配施腐熟剂是促进雷笋早出,有效提升雷笋经济效益的有效方式。

[Objective]This study aims to investigate the impact of different straw mulching methods on surface warming and bamboo shoot yield.[Method]Six treatment groups were established for the study:no cover(CK),straw+rice bran(JL),straw+urea composting agent+rice bran(JLNF),straw+organic fertilizer composting agent+rice bran(JLOF),straw+urea+rice bran(JLN)and straw+organic fertilizer+rice bran(JLO),continuously monitoring surface temperature,shoot emergence and other indicators.[Result]The results demonstrated that treatments utilizing organic fertilizer or urea to adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of straw,along with the application of composting agents,exhibited the best warming effects.In January,the highest temperatures were recorded in the JLOF and JLNF treatments,reaching 24.25 and 21.70℃,respectively.The overall temperature variation trend across treatments was as follows:JLOF>JLNF>JLO>JLN>JL>CK.Correspondingly,the JLOF and JLNF treatments also yielded the highest bamboo shoot production,with 47355 and 47190 kg/hm^(2),respectively.After cost and output accounting,the final economic benefit trend of each treatment is:JLNF>JLOF>JLN>JLO>JL.Compared to the JL treatment,the JLNF treatment exhibited a remarkable increase in economic benefit with a gain of 68940 yuan/hm^(2),reaching 627555 yuan/hm^(2).[Conclusion]On the basis of the straw rice husk double coverage model,the effective way to promote the early emergence of bamboo shoots and improve their economic benefits is to adjust the carbon nitrogen ratio of straw by adding organic fertilizer or urea externally,while also applying a ripening agent.