不同催花方法对‘台农16号’凤梨开花和果实品质的影响

Effects of different flower forcing methods on flowering and fruit quality of pineapple‘Tainong 16’

催花技术是凤梨(Ananas comosus)规模化、标准化生产的关键技术之一,为了解不同催花方法对凤梨生长和果实品质的影响,本研究以‘台农16号’凤梨为材料,比较了8种催花方法对开花率、形态、果实品质和性状相关性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的乙烯利催花处理后,植株开花率可达97%以上。乙烯利和烯效唑、多效唑组合催花后,表现为植株的株高下降,叶长升高和裔芽数增加。乙烯利催花的果实外形饱满,单果重高,冠芽较长,但果柄偏小,容易弯曲。果实品质测定显示,乙烯利处理后果实的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C含量升高,总酸下降。17个性状的相关性分析表明,吸芽长、果柄粗与果实的单果重和果纵径等产量指标相关性高,而裔芽数、果实含水量高会影响果实的单果重和可溶性固形物的积累。总体来说,乙烯利催花处理具有较好的开花率、果实形状和品质,该方法可以作为珠三角地区‘台农16号’凤梨催花方法。

Flower forcing is one of the key practices for large-scale and standardized pineapple production.In order to understand the effects of different flower forcing methods on the growth and fruit quality of pineapple,pineapple cultivar'Tainong 16'was forced to flower by using eight flower forcing methods,and its flowering rate,morphology and fruit quality were determined and analyzed by using correlation analysis.The results showed that the pineapple treated with ethephon at different concentrations was forced to flower at a rate of more than 97%.Under the ethephon treatment in combination of uniconazole or paclobutrazol the plant height decreased,the leaf length and the number of slips increased.Under the ethephon treatment the fruit weight was higher,and the crown was longer,but the peduncle was smaller and easy to break.Fruit quality test showed that the pineapple in the ethephon treatment had higher contents of soluble sugar,soluble solid and vitamin C,and a lower content of total acid.Correlation analysis of 17 characteristics showed the sucker length and the peduncle thickness were highly correlated with yield index,such as fruit weight and longitudinal diameter,whereas the number of slips and the high water content of fruit affected the accumulation of fruit weight and soluble solid.On the whole,ethephon treatment increased the flowering rate,and improved the fruit shape and quality,and can hence be used to promote the production of pineapple'Tainong 16'in the Pearl River Delta region.