对交通隧道消防技术标准应用的拓展思考

Expanding the Application of Transportation Tunnel Fire Protection Technical Standards Through Computer Simulation and Hazardous Chemicals Municipal Administrative Management Legislation

交通是城市的血脉,隧道更是其中的主动脉。隧道带来便捷、快速通行的同时,也带来了火灾的隐患,2024年连续发生的多起火灾更是敲响了警钟。概述国内外消防标准体系现状,提出当前消防技术标准急需解决的两个问题:隧道异性结构区域的排烟气流组织精细度不足以及消防设计不考虑危化品火灾。对于隧道局部异性结构,运用计算机仿真技术得出精确的排烟数值计算,有效地验证和拓展了消防技术标准的应用;对于危化品车辆,运用物联网技术思想,提出建立行政管理制度的建议,落实危化品管理以防为主的消防策略。最后,总结了两个问题和解决方法,提出了电动汽车等新出现的新问题对隧道消防技术标准的挑战等,也展望今后的三个研究方向。

Transportation is the lifeblood of a city,and tunnels are its main artery.The tunnel not only brings convenience and fast transportation,but also poses a hidden danger of fire.Many fires accidents occurring in 2024 have sounded the alarm bells.This article first summarizes the current condition of domestic and international fire protection standard system,and conclude two main problem:fire technical standards about smoke exhaust and air distribution in special-shaped structure of the tunnel is insufficient and vague;the fire protection design technical standards does not consider the fire of dangerous chemicals fire.For the locally heterogeneous structures in tunnels,the application of computer simulation technology has yielded precise smoke exhaust numerical calculations,effectively validating and expanding the application of fire technology standards.Regarding hazardous chemical vehicles,the application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology has led to the proposal of establishing administrative management systems,implementing fire prevention-oriented hazardous chemical management strategies.Finally,two problems and their solutions were summarized,and challenges posed by new issues such as electric vehicles to tunnel fire safety standards were addressed.Looking ahead,three research directions were proposed.