历史语境下清华大学新林院住宅区遗产价值辨析

Heritage Value Assessment of the Xinlin-yuan Residential Area at Tsinghua University from the Historical Perspectives

清华大学在20世纪初中国高等教育发展高峰时期,受到“三年建筑计划”引导筹建了一处高质量教职员住宅区——新林院,其规模、建筑样式、保存现状均优于大多数同期同类型住宅区,目前针对它的遗产价值评价也同样存在“就建筑说建筑”的问题。因此,文章基于清华大学档案馆所藏公文、图档、刊物与口述史料等资料,系统梳理新林院的筹建历史、设计内容;并在历史语境下,从高等学校住宅建设的共时性与历时性、建筑师作品编年、历史事件空间载体三个视角,辨析其科学、艺术及历史文化等方面的价值。希望为近现代居住建筑群的价值评估做出有益尝试,同时为新林院未来的保护、再利用提供有力支撑。

In the early 20th century,Tsinghua University established a high-quality residential area for faculty,known as the Xinlin-yuan Residential Area(hereafter,Xinlin-yuan),following the guidelines of the‘Three-year Building Plan’during a peak period in the development of China’s higher education.Its scale,layout,and current condition surpassed residences from the contemporary and similar kinds.However,the heritage value assessment has predominantly focused on the material features of the buildings.Based on the university’s official documents,historical drawings,publications,and residents’oral history,this article examines the design and construction history of Xinlin-yuan,distinguishing its scientific,artistic,and cultural values from three historical perspectives:the diachrony and synchrony of residential construction in Chinese higher education institutions,the chronicle of the architect’s works,and the buildings as a space of historical events.The article aims to contribute to the heritage value assessment for modern residential building complexes,providing valuable references for the future conservation and adaptive reuse of Xinlin-yuan.