网络犯罪帮助行为共犯归责模式之批判——单独归责模式的提倡

Critique of the Mode of Accomplice Liability for Aiding Cybercrime:Advocacy of a Separate Accountability Mode

以极端从属性、限制从属性、最小从属性为理论依据的共犯归责模式本质上遵循的是连带性共同归责思路。由于网络犯罪参与已经从单中心型转化为多中心型,异化现象明显,导致共犯在事实上无法从属于正犯,连带性共同归责已不现实。因此,应当提倡单独归责模式,承认网络帮助行为构成犯罪与受助者无关,将研究重心放在提供网络帮助行为本身的非法性、提供帮助者的有责性以及各正犯化罪名本身所保护的法益上。单独归责模式的提出具有刑事政策依据与实质依据,适用该模式不会造成本应以共犯处罚的行为人逃脱处罚,也不会间接扩展共犯的处罚限域,“同时构成其他犯罪”的竞合条款也不会被架空。

The mode of accomplice liability grounded on extreme akzessorietat,limited akzessorietat and minimal akzessorietat essentially reflects a mode of joint and several liability.However,the joint and several liability is no longer realistic as the participation in cybercrime has changed from a single-center type to a multi-center type,with a more obvious phenomenon of alienation,resulting in the fact that accomplices cannot be subordinated to the principal offender.Therefore,we should advocate a separate accountability mode,admitting that online assistance constitutes a crime and has nothing to do with the recipients,and focus on the illegality of providing online assistance,the responsibility of the providers and the legal interests protected by the crimes of criminalization.The proposal of the separate accountability mode is grounded on criminal policy and substantive basis.The application of this mode will not cause the perpetrator who should be punished as an accomplice to escape punishment,nor will it indirectly expand the punishment limit of accomplice,nor will the concurrently applicable terms be a merefigurehead.