人口低生育背景下的社会婚育观建构

Construction of Social Marriage and Parenthood Views under the Background of Low Fertility of Population

近年来我国结婚率和生育率持续下降,社会婚育观念的变迁在其中起着重要作用。当社会上大多数人晚婚晚育、恐婚少育或不婚不育时,个体受周围强弱关系群体婚育观念的影响,在婚育问题上会产生与其相似的态度和行为,类似态度和行为会累积叠加形成示范效应,反过来进一步固化社会婚育观念。尤其是当前社会婚育观念中存在婚育成本畸高、个人本位主义、宣扬婚育风险、职场婚育歧视等不良倾向,无形中加剧了年轻人的婚育焦虑和恐惧。因此,亟需从提倡以人为本的婚育文化、构建友好型家庭文化、职场婚育文化入手,继承利用传统婚育文化中的合理成分,不断加强新型婚育文化的宣传教育引导,通过重塑友好型婚育观念,推进友好型婚育社会的构建,逐步破解人口低生育难题。

In recent years,the marriage rate and fertility rate in China have continued to decline,and changes in the social concepts of marriage and childbearing play an important role in this.When the majority of people in the society marry late and have children late,fear marriage and have fewer children or do not marry and have no children,individuals are influenced by the marriage and childbearing concepts of the surrounding strong and weak relationship groups,and will produce similar attitudes and behaviors on marriage and childbearing.Similar attitudes and behaviors will be cumulatively superimposed on each other to form a demonstration effect,which will,in turn,further solidify the social concepts of marriage and childbearing.In particular,in the current social concepts of marriage and parenthood,there are negative trends of marriage and parenthood costs being abnormally high,individualism,promoting the risks of marriage and parenthood,workplace marriage and parenthood discrimination,which invariably exacerbate the marriage and parenthood of young people’s anxiety and fear.Therefore,there is an urgent need to start from advocating people-oriented marriage and childbearing culture,constructing friendly family culture and workplace marriage and childbearing culture,inheriting and utilizing the reasonable components of traditional marriage and childbearing culture,continuously strengthening the publicity,education and guidance of the new type of marriage and childbearing culture,and gradually cracking the problem of low birth rate by reshaping the friendly marriage and childbearing concepts and promoting the construction of friendly marriage and childbearing society.