比较优势、女性劳动参与和家庭生育行为——基于中国家庭金融调查数据的经验分析

Comparative Advantage,Female Labor Participation and Household Fertility Behavior:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data from China Household Finance Survey

随着中国逐渐深度融入全球经济体系,比较优势对女性劳动者的生产消费行为影响加大。构建比较优势和女性劳动参与影响家庭生育子女数量的理论模型,并利用地理数据构造工具变量,研究比较优势出口行业中女性劳动参与对家庭生育行为的影响及机制。实证结果显示:比较优势和女性劳动参与显著增加了家庭的生育行为,具有比较优势出口行业中越密集使用女性劳动力,家庭生育子女数量越多;比较优势和女性劳动参与通过工资收入和工作强度机制综合提高家庭的生育行为;比较优势出口行业中女性劳动参与对处于生育年龄的女性和户主生育行为的正向影响更大,而且相较于外商投资企业和国有企业而言,对在民营企业就业员工的正向影响更大。在优化行业结构和经济增长方式中,通过缩减劳动时间、增加劳动收入,进而促进工作与家庭的平衡,以构建和谐幸福的育儿家庭环境。

With the gradual integration of China into the global economic system,comparative advantage has a greater impact on the production and consumption behavior of female workers.The research builds a theoretical model on the impact of comparative advantage and female labor participation on the number of children born in households.Geographic data are used to construct instrumental variables so as to study the impact and mechanism of female labor participation on household fertility behavior in export industries with comparative advantage.The empirical results show as follows:comparative advantage and female labor participation significantly increase the fertility behavior of households.The more intensive the use of female labor in export industries with comparative advantages,the more children the households have.Comparative advantage and female labor participation comprehensively improve household fertility behavior through salary income and work intensity mechanisms.Female labor participation in export industries with comparative advantage has greater positive impact on women in the childbearing age and the fertility behavior of householders.Moreover,compared with foreign-invested enterprises and state-owned enterprises,it has a greater positive impact on employees in private enterprises.In optimizing the industrial structure and economic growth mode,the balance between work and family can be promoted through reducing labor time and increasing labor income,so as to build a harmonious and happy parenting family environment.