收缩或是扩张:中国城市发展的类型化研究

Shrinking or Growing:Typological Research on Urban Development in China

城市化是驱动中国经济发展的重要引擎。但中国城市化发展呈现了地区不均衡的分化态势。全国范围内既呈现出市域人口增长与城市繁荣为主要特点的扩张现象,也发生了东北、西北、中西部甚至东部地区城市市域人口净流出和活力衰减为主要特点的收缩现象。收缩型与扩张型两类城市分别拥有不同的产业结构、生态区位、制度文化和人口吸引力等发展机理和特征。在全国人口呈现负增长和城市人口资源竞争的背景下,两类不同的城市发展趋势将持续加剧。面临收缩和扩张的城市分化趋势,中国新型城镇化必须因地制宜、因城施策,坚持精明收缩和精明增长两种原则,谋划不同的发展策略,从而构建区域协调发展的可持续发展模式。

Urbanization is an important engine driving the rapid development of China's economy.However,China's urbanization development has shown a trend of regional imbalance and differentiation.The growing phenomenon,characterized by population growth and urban prosperity,has emerged in various regions of the country,as well as the shrinking phenomenon,characterized by net outflow and declining vitality of urban population in the northeast,northwest,central and western regions,and even the eastern regions.Shrinking and growing have different development mechanisms and characteristics in terms of industrial structure,ecological location,institutional culture,and population attraction,respectively.Faced with the development trends of two types of cities,the development of China's new urbanization needs to adhere to the principles of smart contraction and smart growth based on local conditions and city specific policies,and plan different development strategies to construct a sustainable development model of regional coordinated development.