不同国家乳木果油品质研究

Shea Butter Quality Study in Three African Countries

本文以乳木果油为原料,旨在全面研究加纳、乌干达和布基纳法索乳木果油的油脂品质。通过理化性质对比、气相色谱-质谱联用法分析脂肪酸组成、高效液相色谱仪分析甘油三酯组成,考察3个国家乳木果油的成分和品质。结果表明,乌干达油脂得率最高,为51.82%;加纳乳木果油具有更低的酸价、水分、过氧化值和不溶性杂质,同时有更高的不皂化物含量;气相色谱-质谱联用法共检测出12种脂肪酸,油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸为3种乳木果油主要脂肪酸,这4种脂肪酸总含量均超过95%,而乌干达乳木果油具有更高的不饱和脂肪酸含量;高效液相色谱仪检测出SOS和SOO为3种乳木果油的主要甘油三酯,乌干达乳木果油含有更多OOO甘油三酯,含量为其他两个国家的6倍以上。综上所述,加纳乳木果油具有更好的油脂品质,而乌干达乳木果油的高不饱和脂肪酸和高OOO含量也为乳木果油的使用拓宽了应用范围。

The purpose of the experiment was to comprehensively investigate the oil quality of shea butter in Ghana,Uganda and Burkina Faso.The composition and quality of shea butter in the three countries were investigated by physicochemical property comparison,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis,and high performance liquid chromatography analysis of triglyceride composition.The results showed that the yield of oil in Uganda was the highest(51.82%),and the content of Ghanaian shea butter was lower in acid value,moisture,peroxide value,insoluble impurities,and higher in unsaponifiable substances,and 12 fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,among which oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the three main fatty acids of shea butter,and the total content of these four fatty acids exceeded 95%high performance liquid chromatography showed that SOS and SOO were the main triglycerides of the three shea butters,and Uganda shea butter had more OOO triglycerides,which were more than 6 times higher than those in the other two countries.In summary,Ghanaian shea butter has better oil quality,while the high unsaturated fatty acid and high OOO content of Uganda shea butter also broadens the application range of shea butter.