全国废弃露天矿山采矿用地分布状况与存在问题

Distributions and existing problems of mining land of abandoned open-pit mines in China

为客观获取矿山环境基础数据,采取遥感数据与多源数据相结合、计算机自动信息提取与人机交互解译相结合、室内综合研究与实地调查相结合的技术路线,开展了全国废弃露天开采矿山的采矿损毁土地、生态修复土地监测。2022年遥感监测查明:全国废弃露天矿山采矿用地面积约82.74万hm^(2),占全国陆域面积的0.86‰,主要分布在内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、河北省、山东省、黑龙江省等省(自治区)。其中,采矿损毁土地面积约50.74万hm^(2),生态修复面积约32.00万hm^(2),生态修复率38.68%。废弃露天矿山采矿用地占用基本农田2.63万hm^(2),占总面积的3.18%;位于生态红线内的全国废弃矿山露天采矿用地面积8.09万hm^(2),占总面积的9.77%。全国与第三次全国国土调查(采矿用地)吻合的废弃矿山露天采矿用地面积累计30.13万hm^(2),占总面积的36.42%。初步分析了全国废弃矿山露天采矿用地情况、废弃矿山采矿用地占用基本农田情况、生态红线内的废弃矿山采矿用地情况、废弃矿山环境恢复治理土地等遥感工作现状及存在问题,提出对策建议。

To obtain the fundamental data of mine environments objectively,this study monitored the damaged mining land and the ecological restoration land in abandoned open-pit mines in China by combining remote sensing data with multi-source data,computer automated information extraction with human-computer interactive interpretation,and comprehensive laboratory research with field investigation.The remote sensing monitoring in 2022 shows that the mining land of abandoned open-pit mines in China covered an area of 82.74×104 hm 2,representing 0.86‰of the national land area,primarily distributed in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions as well as Hebei,Shandong,and Heilongjiang provinces.Among them,the damaged mining land and the ecological restoration land accounted for 50.74×104 hm^(2)and 32.00×104 hm 2,respectively,with an ecological restoration rate of 38.68%.The mining land of abandoned open-pit mines occupied primary farmland of 2.63×104 hm 2,representing 3.18%of the total mining area.The mining land of nationwide abandoned open-pit mines within the ecological red line accounted for 8.09×104 hm 2,representing 9.77%of the total mining area.The mining land of nationwide abandoned open-pit mines,coinciding with the result of the third national land resource survey(mining land),totaled 30.13×104 hm 2,representing 36.42%of the total mining area.This study preliminarily analyzed the present situation and existing problems of remote sensing work involving the mining land of nationwide abandoned open-pit mines,the occupation of primary farmland,the mining land of such mines within the ecological red line,and corresponding environmental restoration and governance.Finally,this study proposed countermeasures and suggestions in this regard.