民国时期高校农学院院长群体综论——以金陵大学农学院与中央大学农学院为中心

A Comprehensive Discussion on the Dean Group of Agricultural Colleges in Universities during the Republic of China Period

民国时期中国高等农业教育的起步与发展有赖于一批受过良好专业教育并具备一定行政长才的农学院院长,这一点在金陵大学农学院与中央大学农学院这两所近代中国高等农业教育重镇中得到充分体现。根据对两个学院共计16位院长的综合性分析,他们大多数出生于十九世纪八十年代和九十年代,不仅受过良好的传统教育,而且也在新制中小学校得到系统的西学训练,并在出国留学之前就已逐渐进入农科学堂,为负笈留洋奠定坚实基础,而在回国后又将其所学应用于自身学术研究或是所在学院整体发展,最终推动中国农学的现代化。总体而言,这些农学院院长在学术上有四个方面的重要贡献:开创新方向,设立新机构,编纂新教材和研究新问题。

The evolution of higher agricultural education in China during the era of the Republic of China was significantly influenced by a cadre of agricultural college deans who had received robust professional training and exhibited strong administrative capabilities.This influence was distinctly manifest in the two pivotal centers of modern Chinese agricultural education:the Agricultural College of the University of Nanking and the Agricultural College of National Central University.A comprehensive examination of the sixteen deans who led these institutions reveals that the majority were born in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.They benefited from a rigorous traditional educational foundation and subsequently underwent systematic Western-style training in newly established primary and secondary schools.Their pre-overseas studies were marked by a progressive immersion in the agricultural domain,which furnished them with a solid preparation for their academic pursuits abroad,primarily in Japan.Upon their return,these deans applied their acquired knowledge not only to their individual scholarly research but also to the comprehensive advancement of their respective colleges,thereby significantly contributing to the modernization of Chinese agriculture.Collectively,the deans academic contribution was multifaceted,encompassing the initiation of new academic directions,the founding of new institutions,the compilation of new textbooks,and the exploration of novel research questions.