我国地表水中多氯联苯的时空演变及管控策略

Temporal-spatial distribution and control strategy of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface water in China

基于文献调研和现场调查,系统探讨我国地表水体中多氯联苯(PCBs)的历史变化规律,分析典型湖泊(滇池和太湖)中PCBs的赋存特征及潜在来源,并剖析PCBs管控政策的有效性.结果表明,我国地表水环境PCBs污染水平呈现“M”形演变特征,分别在1930s和2000s达到峰值.全国地表水历史检出浓度最大值达到3110ng/L.目前环境浓度普遍较低但部分区域存在点源释放.潜在的PCBs污染来自于颜料/油漆行业、电子废物及医疗垃圾焚烧等.生态系统风险评价显示太湖水体中PCBs对水生生物健康存在负面效应,需要进一步强化PCBs的源头管控,从混合毒性当量角度制定水环境标准,提升水生生物多样性保护水平.

Based on the literature research and field investigation,this study aimed to systematically discuss the historical trends of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in surface water environment in China,to analyze the occurrence and potential sources of PCBs in two well-known lakes(Lake Dianchi and Lake Taihu),and to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental policy on PCBs.Overall,the levels of PCBs showed a curve like"M",peaking in the 1930s and in the 2000s,respectively.The maximum detected concentration was 3110ng/L in national surface water historically.Currently,PCBs in water from the Lake Dianchi and the Lake Taihu are generally low.However,potential point sources still exist,including the discharge from pigment/painting,the incineration of e-waste and medical waste.The ecosystem risk assessment indicated that PCBs have negative effects on the aquatic organisms in the Lake Taihu,thus it is necessary to strengthen the source control of PCBs and to develop the water quality standard based on toxicity equivalent,in order to improve aquatic biodiversity.