钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中典型抗生素的分布特征及生态风险评价

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk evaluation of typical antibiotics in surface water of Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin

采用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)首次测定钱塘江流域杭州段地表水中β-内酰胺类(β-Ls)、喹诺酮类(QNs)、磺胺类(SAs)、大环内酯类(MLs)、四环素类(TCs)、广谱抗菌药物(WAs)等6类83种典型抗生素的浓度水平,初步探明钱塘江流域杭州段中典型抗生素的区域分布特征,并利用风险熵值法评价了抗生素赋存的潜在风险.结果表明,46种抗生素在钱塘江流域杭州段有检出,地表水中抗生素总平均浓度在枯水期、平水期、丰水期分别为27.8,24.8,23.8ng/L,枯水期抗生素浓度略高于平水期和丰水期,且抗生素总检出浓度呈现上游>中游>下游的趋势.其中,林可霉素(LCM)的检出率高达98.2%,最高检出浓度为22.7ng/L,平均浓度与中位浓度分别为8.04ng/L和8.14ng/L,是区域地表水中的特征抗生素.其他检出率较高的抗生素有磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)、甘宝素(CB)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、氟康唑(FCZ)、磺胺(SM)、克拉霉素(CLT)等,其平均浓度分别为3.60,2.56,1.07,0.97,1.09,1.08,0.70ng/L.主成分分析结果显示LCM、SMX、SM、SCP的浓度变化与其他抗生素有相比有显著差异.生态风险评价结果表明,钱塘江流域杭州段所有检出抗生素单项生态风险熵(RQ)均小于1.0,未发现高生态风险抗生素.

The concentration of 83 typical antibiotics in surface water of the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin were determined by solid-phase extraction and Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)for the first time,includingβ-lactams(β-Ls),quinolones(QNs),sulfonamides(SAs),macrolides(MLs),tetracyclines(TCs),and broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs(WAs).The regional distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River were preliminarily investigated.The potential risks of antibiotic occurrence were evaluated using the risk entropy method.The results indicated that 46types of antibiotics were detected in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin.The overall average concentrations of antibiotics in surface water during the dry season,normal water level period,and flood season were 27.8,24.8,and 23.8ng/L,respectively.The antibiotic concentration during the dry season was slightly higher than that during the normal water level period and flood season,and the total detected antibiotic concentrations exhibited a trend of upstream>midstream>downstream.Among them,lincomycin(LCM)was detected at a high rate of 98.2%,with the highest detected concentration of 22.7ng/L and the mean and median concentrations of 8.04ng/L and 8.14ng/L,respectively,making it a characteristic antibiotic in regional surface water.Sulfamethoxazole(SMX),Sulfachloropyridazine(SCP),Climbazole(CB),Trimethoprim(TMP),Fluconazole(FCZ),Sulfonamide(SM),Clarithromycin(CLT)were the second most frequently detected antibiotics,with the average concentrations of 3.60,2.56,1.07,0.97,1.09,1.08,0.70ng/L,respectively.The results of principal component analysis showed that the concentration changes of LCM,SMX,SM and SCP were significantly different compared with other antibiotics.Ecological risk assessment results indicated that the single ecological risk quotient(RQ)of all detected antibiotics in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin was less than 1.0,suggesting the absence of high ecological risk antibiotics.